Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word difícil

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1400s More words from the 15th century
Borrowed from
Latin difficilis
Ultimate origin
Latin faciō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin faciō
Aromanian fac
Catalan fer
French faire
Italian fare
Portuguese fazer
Romanian face
Spanish hacer
Latin facilis
English facile
French facile
Italian facile
Portuguese fácil
Spanish fácil
Latin difficilis
French difficile
Romanian dificil
Italian difficile
Portuguese difícil
Spanish difícil
From the same root
English surfeit ← faciō
French affaire ← faciō
French défaire ← faciō
Latin afficiō ← faciō
Latin assuefacio ← faciō
Latin calefaciō ← faciō
Latin clārificus ← faciō
Latin commonefaciō ← faciō
Latin cōnficiō ← faciō
Latin dēficiō ← faciō
Latin disfaciō ← faciō
Latin efficiō ← faciō
Latin facessō ← faciō
Latin facibilis ← faciō
Latin facienda ← faciō
Latin faciēs ← faciō
Latin facinus ← faciō
Latin factiō ← faciō
Latin factitō ← faciō
Latin factor ← faciō
Latin factūra ← faciō
Latin factus ← faciō
Latin fortificō ← faciō
Latin frīgefactō ← faciō
Latin īnficiō ← faciō
Latin interficiō ← faciō
Latin iūstificō ← faciō
Latin labefaciō ← faciō
Latin liquefaciō ← faciō
Latin mollificō ← faciō
See all derived words →

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /d͡ʒiˈfi.siw/, [d͡ʒiˈfi.siʊ̯][1]
  • Portugal: /diˈfi.sil/, [diˈfi.siɫ], /dɨˈfi.sil/[1]
  • Northeast-Brazil: /di.ˈfi.siw/[1]

Forms

difícil m or f (plural difíceis)[1] Houaiss records dificil, deficil and deffiçill in the 15th century.[2] From the 17th to the early 20th century the dictionaries spell the word difficil, with the Latin double f.[3][4][5]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin difficilis (“hard to do, troublesome”), a learned word of the 15th century.[2][6][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.[7]

The Latin adjective is formed from the prefix dis- and facilis (“easy”), as its opposite.[8][9] The base word is itself formed from faciō (“to do, make”) and the suffix -ilis.[10][1]

The same Latin word was borrowed as Spanish difícil, Catalan difícil, French difficile and Italian difficile.[1][11] French had it by 1330.[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to the 15th century, from Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese, while Cunha's dictionary dates it to the 16th.[2][6] A private letter of 1571 writes deficil.[12] The first sense is “not easy, needing effort”.[2][6]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau defines difficil by a scholastic distinction: the easy thing comes about readily, the impossible never, and the difficult only with some hindrance.[3] Morais in 1813 adds the sense of a person hard to please (homem difficil de contentar).[4] Vieira lists a difficult question, text or piece of work, so that the word covered what is laborious, intricate and obscure.[13]

Modern dictionaries add a person who is hard to deal with or to win over, a hard and painful life, and the sense “unlikely”, as in é difícil que ele venha.[2][14][15] As a noun, o difícil is “the hard part”, and the colloquial adverb in falar difícil means “to speak in a high-flown way”.[15][16]

Timeline

  • 15th century – first records, spelt dificil, deficil and deffiçill.[2]
  • c. 1539 – deficultar, a derived verb, in a text Cunha cites.[6]
  • 1571 – a private letter writes deficil.[12]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau defines difficil against facil and impossivel.[3]
  • 1755 – Folqman's dictionary heads the word DIFFICIL.[17]
  • 1813 – Morais records homem difficil de contentar.[4]
  • 1899 – Figueiredo spells the word diffícil and derives it from Latin dis and facilis.[18]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. difficult, hard: needing much effort or work; arduous (árduo): Foi uma subida difícil.[2][14][16]
  2. Hard to understand; intricate, obscure: um poema difícil.[2][14]
  3. Full of obstacles or risk; hard to pass: uma estrada difícil.[2][19]
  4. Painful, hard to bear: tempos difíceis.[2][14][16]
  5. Delicate, awkward: uma conversa difícil.[14][15]
  6. (of a person) Hard to please, to deal with or to win over; demanding (exigente).[2][14][19]
  7. unlikely: É difícil chover hoje.[19][15][1]

Noun

  1. o difícil: the hard part, the difficulty.[15][16]

Word family

  • dificilmente

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. difícil
  3. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. difficil
  4. ^ a b c Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 616
  5. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. difficil
  6. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. difícil
  7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. difícil
  8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. difficile
  10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. facilis
  11. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. difícil
  12. ^ a b CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. difícil
  13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 1024
  14. ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. difícil
  15. ^ a b c d e Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. difícil
  16. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. difícil
  17. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. difficil
  18. ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 446
  19. ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. difícil

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Difícil.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/dif%C3%ADcil. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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