Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word despeito
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s the cantigas More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin despectus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin dēspiciō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
despeito m (plural despeitos)[1] Houaiss records despeito and despeyto in the 13th century and despeucto and despeto in the 14th.[2]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin dēspectus (“a looking down; contempt”), written Old Galician-Portuguese despeito in the oldest texts.[2][3][1] The Latin noun comes from the supine of dēspiciō (“to look down on, despise”).[2][3][1]
The same Latin word is Galician despeito, Spanish despecho, Catalan despit, French dépit and Italian dispetto.[4][1]
Nascentes suggests that the sense moved from “contempt” to “resentment at an offence” perhaps because speakers saw peito “breast” in the word.[5] Morais (1813) thought the word came from the French word.[6]
Earliest recorded meaning
In the 13th-century cantigas the word means anger or annoyance, often in aver despeito de alguém “to be angry with someone”.[7] A cantiga of Johan Airas has el ouve de min despeito / e mandou-me desafiar “he was angry with me and had me challenged”, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria say of a man struck dumb ca Deus ouve del despeito “for God was angry with him”.[7]
Semantic evolution
Medieval texts also have fazer despeito “to offend” and con despeito “angrily”.[7] Morais (1789) gives the senses “anger, passion” and “grief” and the phrase em teu despeito “in spite of you”, and his 1813 edition adds “contempt”.[8][6] Bluteau (1712) already has a despeito or em despeito de alguém “against someone's will”.[9] The modern sense is a resentment mixed with anger or envy, caused by a slight or by seeing another preferred.[2][10] The phrase a despeito de has become a preposition, “in spite of”.[2][11]
Timeline
- 13th century – the cantigas use despeito for anger or annoyance.[7][3]
- 1450 – the Livro das tres vertudes is the first text with the word in the CTA corpus.[12]
- 1712 – Bluteau records a despeito and em despeito de.[9]
- 1789 – Morais defines it as “anger, passion”.[8]
- 1871 – Vieira gives a despeito de “in spite of”.[13]
Meanings
Noun
- resentment or pique at a slight, a humiliation or an offence.[2][11][1]
- Vexation mixed with anger, envy or jealousy (ciúme), at seeing another preferred or at a disappointment.[2][14][1]
Word family
- despeitar
- despeitoso
Related words
Usage notes
A despeito de (also em despeito de) means “in spite of, notwithstanding”.[2][14]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2598
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 594
- ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 422
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. despeito
- ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. despeito
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 924
- ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. despeito
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Despeito.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/despeito. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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