Etymology and origin of the Romanian word aștepta
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1500 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *astecto
- Ultimate origin
- Latin speciō
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /aʃ.tepˈta/[1]
Forms
aștepta (third-person singular present așteaptă, past participle așteptat, third-person subjunctive aștepte) 1st conjugation[1] The Psaltirea Scheiană has the present forms aștâptă and aștaptă beside așteaptă.[2] MDA2 records a regional variant with -tăp-.[3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *astectō (“to wait”), an assimilated form of Latin adspectō, a variant of aspectō (“to look at attentively”).[4][5][1][6] The Latin verb is the frequentative of aspiciō, formed from Latin ad- + speciō (“to look”).[4] In popular Latin it took over the sense of exspectō (“to wait for”).[4][7] The assimilation of /p/ to the following /t/ gave /st/.[7][5]
The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian ashteptu, Megleno-Romanian ștet and Istro-Romanian așteptu.[5][8][9] The assimilated form also lives on in southern Italy and Sardinia, in Sicilian astittari, Old Sardinian usettare and Friulian setá; the unassimilated Latin form gave Italian aspettare and Occitan aspeitar.[4][10] DELI explains the Italian verb as the Latin verb for to wait for with a change of prefix.[11]
The Aromanian verb also means to receive guests.[5][8] Pușcariu and the DA explain this sense by contamination with Latin exceptō or with Albanian pres (“to wait; to receive”).[5][12] Ciorănescu prefers a natural development from waiting for guests to having them, as in attendre.[5] Capidan derives the Megleno-Romanian verb from the latter Latin verb.[9]
Earliest recorded meaning
DELR dates the first record to about 1500, in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, where the verb means “to wait for”: the psalter has așteptară “they waited” (Psalm 103:27).[4][13] The Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583) tells how the apostle's companions went ahead „și așteptă noi întru Troada” “and waited for us at Troas”.[14][3]
Semantic evolution
The verb has always meant both “to wait” and “to wait for” someone or something.[14][15] An old sense is “to give someone time to pay”: a text of 1642 has a debtor beg „să facă milă de mine de mă mai așteaptă” “take pity on me and give me more time”.[15] From waiting comes “to hope for” and, in the reflexive, “to expect”: nu mă așteptam “I didn't expect it”.[6][3] In religious use it meant “to trust in God”.[3]
The derivatives are old: așteptător “one who waits” is recorded in 1559–1560, the noun așteptat and așteptătură “expectation” about 1650, and pe neașteptate “unexpectedly” in 1833.[4] The jocular la sfântu-așteaptă “on Saint Wait's day” means “never”.[6][3]
Timeline
- c. 1500 – așteptară in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[4][13]
- 1559–1560 – așteptător in the Codex Bratul.[4]
- c. 1563–1583 – „așteptă noi întru Troada” in the Codicele Voronețean.[14][3]
- 1642 – “to give a debtor time”.[15]
- 1649 – aștept in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.[16]
- c. 1650 – the nouns așteptat and așteptătură.[4]
- 1833 – pe neașteptate “unexpectedly”.[4]
- 1865 – neașteptător “impatient” in Bolintineanu.[4]
Meanings
Verb
- To wait somewhere in order to be present at something or to meet someone; to wait for, await: Te aștept la gară.[6][1]
- To give someone time to do something or to pay a debt.[6][3]
- In negative sentences, to hesitate, to delay.[6]
- To let time pass in the hope that something will happen; to hope for.[6][3]
- Reflexive, a se aștepta (la): to expect, to count on something.[6][1]
- Of a thing or event: to be in store for someone: Cine știe ce ne așteaptă?[15][1]
Word family
- așteptare
- așteptat
- așteptător
- neașteptat
Related words
Usage notes
La sfântu-așteaptă (or la moș-așteaptă) means “never”.[6] The imperative așteaptă! is also a threat, “just you wait!”.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 254
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 119
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. aștepta
- ^ a b c d e f Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. aștepta
- ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 70
- ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București
- ^ a b Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 174
- ^ a b Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 285
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3039
- ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli, p. s.v. aspettare
- ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 45
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 103:28
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. aștepta
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. așteptá
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. aștept
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Aștepta.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/a%C8%99tepta. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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