Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word desdenhar

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria, spelt desdennar More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin *disdigno
Ultimate origin
Latin dignus

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /dez.dẽˈɲa(ʁ)/, [dez.dẽˈj̃a(h)][1]
  • São-Paulo: /dez.dẽˈɲa(ɾ)/, [dez.dẽˈj̃a(ɾ)][1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /deʒ.dẽˈɲa(ʁ)/, [deʒ.dẽˈj̃a(χ)][1]
  • Caipira: /dez.dẽˈɲa(ɻ)/, [dez.dẽˈj̃a(ɻ)][1]

Forms

desdenhar (first-person singular present desdenho, first-person singular preterite desdenhei, past participle desdenhado)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *disdignō, written Old Galician-Portuguese desdennar in the oldest texts, a reshaping with the prefix dis- of Latin dēdignor (“to reject as unworthy, disdain”).[2][3][4][1][5] The Latin verb is formed from dē- and dignor (“to deem worthy”), from dignus (“worthy”).[6][1][7] The DLP and Porto Editora take the Portuguese verb from Old Occitan desdegnar instead.[8][9] Nascentes reports that Adolfo Coelho had derived it from Latin dēsignō with a change of prefix.[10]

The same Vulgar Latin verb is Spanish desdeñar, Catalan desdenyar, French dédaigner and Italian disdegnare.[1][11] The REW thinks the Spanish verb probably a loan from French, a view García de Diego rejects.[11][12]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Cantigas de Santa Maria tell como Santa Maria desdennou assi / ante todos hũa dona que fora falir “how Holy Mary thus spurned before everyone a lady who had sinned”, and a lover is reproached in outra fillar yas / amiga e desdennavas / a mi “you were taking another lover and scorning me”.[13] A secular cantiga has Pois m'agora assi desdenha “since she now scorns me so”.[14]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712–1728) glosses the verb “not to deign; to scorn”.[15] Morais (1813) records desdenhar donzelas “to refuse maidens as lovers or wives” and the reflexive desdenhar-se de “to hold something beneath one's dignity”.[16] Vieira adds the intransitive construction desdenhar de “to speak with contempt of”.[17] Houaiss gives the further senses “to mock” and, intransitively, “to parade with a disdainful air”.[2]

Timeline

  • 13th century – first records, as desdennar.[2][3]
  • 14th century – the spellings desdenhar and desdenar.[2]
  • 14th century – desdenhar in the Trasladação de S. Nicolau (14th-century witness).[18]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau lists desdenhar.[15]
  • 1813 – Morais records the reflexive desdenhar-se.[16]
  • 1871–1874 – Vieira records desdenhar de.[17]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To treat with disdain (desdém); to despise, look down on.[2][5][8][1]
  2. To reject, spurn;[2][5][19] (reflexive) not to deign.[2][5][19]
  3. To mock, make fun of.[2][5][9]
  4. (intransitive) To show off with a disdainful air.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. desdenhar
  3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. desdém
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. desdenhar
  5. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. desdenhar
  6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. dedignor
  7. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. desdeñar
  8. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. desdenhar
  9. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2911
  10. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 153
  11. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. disdignare
  12. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. dedignari
  13. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. desdennar
  14. ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. desdenhar
  15. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. desdenhar
  16. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 566
  17. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 843
  18. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. desdenhar
  19. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. desdenhar

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Desdenhar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/desdenhar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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