Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word desdenhar
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cantigas de Santa Maria, spelt desdennar More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *disdigno
- Ultimate origin
- Latin dignus
Pronunciation
Forms
desdenhar (first-person singular present desdenho, first-person singular preterite desdenhei, past participle desdenhado)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *disdignō, written Old Galician-Portuguese desdennar in the oldest texts, a reshaping with the prefix dis- of Latin dēdignor (“to reject as unworthy, disdain”).[2][3][4][1][5] The Latin verb is formed from dē- and dignor (“to deem worthy”), from dignus (“worthy”).[6][1][7] The DLP and Porto Editora take the Portuguese verb from Old Occitan desdegnar instead.[8][9] Nascentes reports that Adolfo Coelho had derived it from Latin dēsignō with a change of prefix.[10]
The same Vulgar Latin verb is Spanish desdeñar, Catalan desdenyar, French dédaigner and Italian disdegnare.[1][11] The REW thinks the Spanish verb probably a loan from French, a view García de Diego rejects.[11][12]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Cantigas de Santa Maria tell como Santa Maria desdennou assi / ante todos hũa dona que fora falir “how Holy Mary thus spurned before everyone a lady who had sinned”, and a lover is reproached in outra fillar yas / amiga e desdennavas / a mi “you were taking another lover and scorning me”.[13] A secular cantiga has Pois m'agora assi desdenha “since she now scorns me so”.[14]
Semantic evolution
Bluteau (1712–1728) glosses the verb “not to deign; to scorn”.[15] Morais (1813) records desdenhar donzelas “to refuse maidens as lovers or wives” and the reflexive desdenhar-se de “to hold something beneath one's dignity”.[16] Vieira adds the intransitive construction desdenhar de “to speak with contempt of”.[17] Houaiss gives the further senses “to mock” and, intransitively, “to parade with a disdainful air”.[2]
Timeline
- 13th century – first records, as desdennar.[2][3]
- 14th century – the spellings desdenhar and desdenar.[2]
- 14th century – desdenhar in the Trasladação de S. Nicolau (14th-century witness).[18]
- 1712–1728 – Bluteau lists desdenhar.[15]
- 1813 – Morais records the reflexive desdenhar-se.[16]
- 1871–1874 – Vieira records desdenhar de.[17]
Meanings
Verb
- To treat with disdain (desdém); to despise, look down on.[2][5][8][1]
- To reject, spurn;[2][5][19] (reflexive) not to deign.[2][5][19]
- To mock, make fun of.[2][5][9]
- (intransitive) To show off with a disdainful air.[2]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. desdém
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. dedignor
- ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. desdeñar
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 2911
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1955), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 1: Nomes comuns, Rio de Janeiro (1st ed. 1932, preface by W. Meyer-Lübke), p. 153
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. disdignare
- ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. dedignari
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. desdennar
- ^ Universo Cantigas: Glosario da poesía medieval profana galego-portuguesa, A Coruña: Instituto da Lingua e Literatura (ILLA), Universidade da Coruña, https://www.universocantigas.gal, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 566
- ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 843
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. desdenhar
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. desdenhar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Desdenhar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/desdenhar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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