Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word desejo
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s Cancioneiro da Ajuda More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *desedium
- Ultimate origin
- Latin dēsidia
Derivations
Pronunciation
Forms
desejo m (plural desejos)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote desejo, deseio, desege, desego and dessego; the 15th century has deseijo and dezejo.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *dēsedium (“desire”), written Old Galician-Portuguese desejo in the oldest texts: Houaiss, Cunha and the REW reconstruct the Vulgar Latin noun so, while Corominas, Nascentes and Aurélio give *dēsidium, “erotic desire”.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Wiktionary instead names the Medieval Latin dēsideus (“desire”), found in a glossary from Italy whose oldest manuscript is of the 10th century.[1]
The source is classical Latin dēsidia (“idleness, sloth”), from dēses (“idle”).[8][1] Corominas explains the change of meaning by the moral commonplace that idleness breeds lust: already in Plautus the Latin word could mean “debauchery”.[5][9] Houaiss also thinks that the noun took over the meaning of dēsīderium (“desire, longing”), which the Romance forms cannot continue directly, and Meyer-Lübke notes that the meaning fits that word though no Romance form can come from it.[2][4] Silva Bastos and Vieira derived the Portuguese noun from that word.[10][11]
The same noun is Galician desexo, Spanish deseo, Asturian deséu, Catalan desig and Italian disio.[4][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Houaiss dates desejo to the 13th century, and Cunha records deseio then.[2][3] In the Cancioneiro da Ajuda it is the soul's longing for some good, in the cantigas d'amigo it is “longing, saudade”, and in a cantiga d'escarnho by Afonso X non vi mia senhor, ond' ei desejo “I have not seen my lady, whom I long for”.[12]
Semantic evolution
The Crónica Troiana uses it for a strong wish (tã grã desejo de o abraçar “so great a wish to embrace him”).[12] Cardoso (1569) renders it with Latin cupiditas and desiderium, and Barbosa (1611) distinguishes desejo of things absent from inordinate desire, libido.[13][14] Morais (1813) gives “the wish to have or obtain something” and “saudade”.[15] Modern dictionaries add sexual desire, the cravings of pregnant women for certain foods, and the psychoanalytic sense.[2][7][1]
Timeline
- 1200s – first records, as desejo, deseio and desege;[2][3] desejoso and desejado are of the same century.[2][3]
- 1300s – the forms desego and dessego; first record of desejável.[2][3]
- 1400s – the forms deseijo and dezejo.[2]
- c. 1430 – the Horto do Esposo is the first CTA text with the word.[16]
- 1569 – Cardoso's dictionary renders it cupiditas and desiderium.[13]
- 1900s – first record of indesejável.[3]
Meanings
Noun
- desire, wish; the will to have or to do something: O seu desejo era viajar pelo mundo.[2][7][1]
- The thing desired.[17][18]
- Longing, anseio; greed, cobiça.[7][19]
- Sexual desire, lust.[7][18]
- (colloquial) A pregnant woman's craving for a particular food or drink.[7][17][1]
- (psychoanalysis) A psychic drive seeking to restore the first experience of satisfaction.[2][17]
Word family
- desejar
- desejável
- desejoso
- indesejável
Related words
- Latin dēsidia
- Galician desexo
- Spanish deseo
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b c d e f g Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b c Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. desedium
- ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 460
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b c d e f Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. desidia
- ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. deseo
- ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 845
- ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. desejo
- ^ Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. desejo
- ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 567
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. desejo
- ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. desejo
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Desejo.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/desejo. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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