Latin words first recorded in the 4th century

It is formed from Latin serra (“saw”) + -ō. serra goes back to Proto-Italic *sersā- (“saw”) and Proto-Indo-European *sers-h₂- (“cutting off”); within Latin, de Vaan finds its best connection in…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θεωρητικός (theōrētikós, “contemplative, speculative”), which Köbler relates to θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”) and θέα (théa, “a looking at”). The English word…

It is from Latin toxicus (“poisoned”). The adjective comes from toxicum (“poison”), from Ancient Greek τοξικόν (toxikón), the poison for arrows, from τόξον (tóxon, “bow”).

It is from Latin validus (“strong”) + -itās. The adjective is formed from valeō (“to be strong”) with -idus, and the verb goes back to Proto-Italic *wal-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *h2ulh1-eh1- (“to…

It is from Latin dūrābilis (“lasting”) + -tās. dūrābilis comes from dūrō (“to harden; to last”), from dūrus (“hard”); de Vaan notes that the meaning of the verb must have moved from “be hard” to…

It is from Latin augmentum (“increase, growth”) + -ō, a late verb made from the noun, which comes from augeō (“to increase”).

It is formed from Latin con- + stēlla (“star”) + -ātiō. The noun stēlla goes back to Proto-Italic *stērlā-, which de Vaan takes as an Italo-Celtic formation whose root is Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin decem (“ten”) + -ānus, that is, “one set over ten”. The DMLBS compares the Greek δεκᾱνός (dekanós). Ancient writers explained the name the same way: Isidore of Seville says the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιληψία (epilēpsía, “epilepsy”). The DMLBS gives ἐπίληψις (epílēpsis) beside it as the source. The Greek noun means literally “a seizure” and comes from ἐπιλαμβάνω…

It is from Latin impetus (“attack, onrush”) + -ōsus.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + complētus (“filled, complete”). Conte marks it as Late Latin; it is the source of Italian incompleto.

It is from Latin in- + trūdō (“to thrust, push”). trūdō goes back to Proto-Italic *treude/o- and Proto-Indo-European *treud- (“to push, thrust”); de Vaan's cognates include Lithuanian triū̃sas…

It is formed from Latin prōportiō (“proportion”) + -ātus. Etymonline takes it for the past participle of Medieval Latin prōportiōnō (“to make proportionate”), a verb the DMLBS labels Medieval Latin…

It is from Latin tornō (“to turn on a lathe”) + -tor. The verb comes from tornus (“lathe”), borrowed from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “turning lathe”).

It is a derivative from Latin cooperiō (“to cover”), formed with -tūra on its participle coopertus.

It is from Latin dēvolvō (“to roll down”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from dē- and volvō (“to roll”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *welu-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *uel-u- (“to wind”).

It is from Latin dīrigō (“to direct”), with the suffix -tōrius. De Vaan treats ⟨dīrigō⟩ as a compound of regō (“to direct, guide”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + mediātus (“placed in the middle”), a calque of Ancient Greek ἄμεσος (ámesos, “without a middle, immediate”). The base goes back to medius (“middle”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”), the Attic form of the word, and so a doublet of mālum, which came from the Doric form μᾶλον (mâlon). The further origin of the Greek word is…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πέταλον (pétalon, “leaf; thin plate of metal”). The Greek word is the noun use of the neuter of the adjective πέταλος (pétalos, “outspread, broad, flat”), and…

It is from Latin praeveniō + -tiō.

It is a verb from Latin propius (“nearer”), the comparative of prope (“near”). Georges, Gaffiot and Lewis and Short derive it from prope itself.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θεία (theía, “aunt”), the feminine of the word that gave thius “uncle”. A glossary notes that it is a Greek word.

1. The offering is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάθημα (anáthēma, “votive offering”), from ἀνατίθημι (anatíthēmi, “to set up, dedicate”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) and τίθημι (títhēmi, “to put, place”)…

It is from Latin falsus (“false”) + -ficō, “to make false”. The DMLBS points to the Late Latin participle ⟨falsificātus⟩.

It is from Latin īnfernus (“lower; of the underworld”) + -ālis. The TLL compares adjectives such as ⟨aeternālis⟩ beside ⟨aeternus⟩. Wiktionary takes it instead from the neuter plural noun īnferna…

It is from Latin regerō (“to carry back; to enter, transcribe”): the neuter plural of its past participle, used as a noun. Quintilian already uses the verb for entering things in notebooks, the…

It is from Latin reparō (“to restore, renew”) + -tiō. De Vaan treats parō (“to prepare”) as probably a verb made from a noun Proto-Italic *parāje/o-, going back to Proto-Indo-European *prh₃-o-…

It is from Latin schola (“school”) + -āris. The noun schola is from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure; lecture; school”).

It is formed from Latin affirmō (“to affirm”) + -īvus.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos, “uneven, unequal”). Köbler analyses the Greek word as the negative prefix ἀ- (a-) with a form related to ὁμός (homós, “same”). The DMLBS notes…

1. The adjective is from Latin gradus (“step”) + -ālis. 2. The dish is perhaps from Latin crātēr (“mixing bowl”), itself from Ancient Greek κρατήρ (kratḗr, “bowl for mixing wine with water”)…

It is from Latin littera (“letter of the alphabet”) + -ālis. De Vaan finds the older explanation of littera from the root of linō (“to smear”) morphologically unconvincing.

It is formed from Latin mamma (“breast”) + -ālis.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συγκοπή (synkopḗ, “a cutting up, cutting short”), from συγκόπτω (synkóptō, “to cut up”), a compound of σύν (sún, “together”) and κόπτω (kóptō, “to cut”). Etymonline…

It is probably formed from Latin burrus (“red, reddish-brown”) + -icus, naming a small reddish horse. Wiktionary suggests that the usual form may be a contamination of an original būricus, with a…

It is from Latin clārus (“clear, bright”) + faciō (“to make”), formed like magnificus.

It is from Latin contrahō (“to draw together; to enter into a contract”) + -tor, an agent noun formed on the stem of its past participle ⟨contract-⟩. The simple verb trahō (“to pull, drag”) goes…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μονόγραμμα (monógramma, “monogram”), from μόνος (mónos, “alone”) and γράμμα (grámma, “letter”).

It is from Latin persōnālis (“personal”), with the suffix -tās.

It is formed from Latin ūni- + faciō, from the combining forms of ūnus (“one”) and faciō (“to make”).

It is from Latin absēns (“absent”) + -ō, a verb made from the present participle of absum (“to be away”).

It is formed from Latin absurdus (“out of tune; senseless”) + -tās. The adjective is made of ab- and surdus (“deaf”); since “deaf” can mean both “who cannot hear” and “who is not heard”, de Vaan…

It is from Latin adiaceō (“to lie near, adjoin”) + -ia.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰνιγματικός (ainigmatikós, “riddling”), the adjective to αἴνιγμα (aínigma, “riddle”), which Latin had borrowed as aenigma; Lewis and Short and Etymonline derive it…

It is from Latin apothēca (“storehouse”) + -ārius. The base is a borrowing of Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “storehouse”).

It is formed from Latin astrum + -ālis, from the word for a star. The noun itself comes from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”).

It is from Latin bīnus (“twofold; two each”) + -ārius. Etymonline traces bīnī further to bis (“twice”).

The origin is unknown. Niermeyer calls the word Celtic, and Etymonline reports that it is said to be probably Gaulish. Wiktionary suggests Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂…

It is from Latin cancellus (“lattice, grating”) + -ārius. Lewis & Short and Georges derive it from the plural cancellī, the barriers or railings; Niermeyer explains it as the attendant posted at the…

It is from Latin capiō (“to take, hold, grasp”) + -ābilis.

It is an agent noun from Latin capiō (“to take, seize”) + -tor, formed on the stem of the participle captus.

1. The verb “to put into verse” is from Latin carmen (“song, poem”) + -ō. 2. The verb “to card” is formed from a noun ⟨carmen⟩ “card for wool”, which is from Latin cārō (“to card”).

It is from Latin certus (“certain, sure”) + -ficō, the second element going back to faciō (“to make”).

It is from Latin com- + membrum (“limb, member”), a word that, according to the TLL, Augustine made up himself. The TLL compares the neuter commembrum of the same meaning. The noun membrum goes back…

It is formed from Latin complicō (“to fold together”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin con- (“with, together”) + cernō (“to sift, discern”).

It is formed from Latin corōnō (“to crown”) + -tiō. The verb comes from corōna (“crown, garland”), which Wiktionary derives from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “anything curved; a crown”).

It is formed from Latin dēgenerō + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin dispār (“unequal, unlike”) + -tās. Etymonline instead analyses it as dis- with pāritās.