Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is formed from Latin ulcīscor (“to avenge”) + -tiō. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *ol-k- (“to destroy, take revenge”) and finds the best link in Ancient Greek ὀλέκω (olékō, “to…

It is from Latin vēxillum (“standard, banner”) + -ārius. Köbler and Etymonline derive vēxillum from vēlum (“sail, cloth”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *wekslo-, a form the diminutive still…

It is from Latin āctus (“a driving; an act”) + -ārius; ⟨āctus⟩ is from agō “to drive, do”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive, lead”).

It is from Latin ad- + iaceō (“to lie”).

It is from Latin administrō (“to manage, assist”) + -tiō.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *kapro- (“he-goat”). Cognate with Umbrian kaprum (“he-goat”), Ancient Greek κάπρος (kápros, “wild boar”), Old Norse hafr (“he-goat”) and Irish caora (“sheep”)…

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + claudō (“to close”), in its compound form ⟨-clūdō⟩.

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + mittō (“to send”). De Vaan traces ⟨mittō⟩ to Proto-Italic *meit-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ith₂- (“to exchange, remove”).

It is from Latin classicus (“of the classes; of the fleet”), its neuter, used as a noun, from classis. De Vaan reports Ernout and Meillet's view that “roll-call, summons” is the oldest meaning of…

It is from Latin con- + tribuō (“to allot”).

It is from Latin con- + vehō (“to carry”), and Umbrian ⟨kuveitu⟩ “to put together” may point to an inherited Proto-Italic compound. De Vaan traces ⟨vehō⟩ to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o-…

It is from Latin crūdēlis (“cruel”) + -ter, the adverb suffix.

It is from Latin dēvehō (“to carry down”), from dē- and vehō, formed like convexus. De Vaan traces ⟨vehō⟩ to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o-, Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-e/o- (“to carry”).

It is from Latin dē- + vincō (“to conquer”). De Vaan traces ⟨vincō⟩ to Proto-Italic *wink- (“to tie, bind; overcome”), Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k- (“to bend, tie”), cognate with Old Irish fichid…

It is from Latin dē- (“down”) + volvō (“to roll”). De Vaan traces ⟨volvō⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*welu-⟩ “to wind”.

It is from Proto-Italic *farstīg-, with a noun Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥s-tí- (“top, point”). Cognate with Old High German burst (“bristle”), Old English byrst (“bristle”) and Sanskrit भृष्टि…

It is from Latin in- (“on, over”) + -mineō, as in ēmineō “to stand out”, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out”).

It is from Latin imperātus, its neuter, ⟨imperātus⟩ being the perfect passive participle of imperō “to command”, used as a noun; ⟨imperō⟩ is from in- and parō (“to prepare”). De Vaan traces ⟨parō⟩…

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + volvō (“to roll”).

It is a diminutive from Latin locus (“place”) + -ellus or from loculus. De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨locus⟩, Old Latin ⟨stlocus⟩, unclear.

It is from Latin mētior (“to measure”) + -ūra.

It is from Latin oppōnō (“to set against”), its participle, from ob- and pōnō “to put”.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “line of battle”). A later spelling is falanx.

It is from Latin populor (“to lay waste”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + cēdō (“to go”).

It is from Latin prae- + claudō (“to shut”). De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Italic *klaud-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).

It is from Latin prae- (“before, in front”) + ferō (“to carry”), continuing Proto-Italic ⟨*praiferō⟩.

It is from Latin premō (“to press”) + -tiō (supine ⟨pressum⟩). De Vaan traces ⟨premō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *pr-es- (“to press”).

It is from Latin prō- and a verb *mineō “to jut out”, also in ēmineō and immineō, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out”). A spelling ⟨proemineō⟩ is from ⟨prō⟩ and ⟨ēmineō⟩.

It is from Latin prō- (“before, in front”) + tegō (“to cover”). The verb tegō is from Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-e/o- (“to cover”), cognate with Ancient…

It is from Latin succedo (“to go up to, succeed”) + -tus.

It is from Latin sub- + portō (“to carry”). It is also spelled subportō.

The origin is disputed. It has been connected with Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (walus, “staff”) and Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”), and the OLD compares…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾶρις (bâris), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), which Wiktionary traces through Demotic to Egyptian bꜣjr. Etymonline mentions it as one possible source of Medieval Latin…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλυψ (khálups, “steel, hardened iron”). Köbler calls the further origin of the Greek word unclear; Wiktionary takes it from Hittite kikliba or kikluba “steel”, and…

It is from Latin dē- + gravō (“to weigh down”). The simple verb is from gravis (“heavy”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *gʷra(w)u- and Proto-Indo-European *gʷreh₂-u- (“heavy”). The adjective is…

It is from Latin gemma (“gem; bud”) + -fer (“bearing”). De Vaan holds that the sense “bud, sprout” of gemma is the original one, and traces it to Proto-Italic *gebmā- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵeb-m-…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἡρωΐνη (hērōḯnē, “heroine, demigoddess”), the feminine formed in Greek from ἥρως (hḗrōs, “hero”) with the suffix -ίνη (-ínē).

It is from Latin in- + calēscō (“to grow warm”). De Vaan lists calēscō under caleō (“to be warm”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *kalē- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱlh₁-eh₁- (“to be hot”), comparing…

It is from Latin in- + tepeō (“to be warm”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Italic *tep-ē- (“to be warm”) and Proto-Indo-European *t(e)p-eh₁- (“to be warm”), though he notes that the verb…

It is from Latin ligō (“to tie, bind”) + -men. The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *leig- (“to tie, bind”).

It is from Latin pīnus (“pine”) + -ētum, with the suffix for a place where a plant grows. De Vaan finds the origin of pīnus unclear: it may share a base with Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “wooden…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin revereor (“to stand in awe of, respect”). That verb is made from re- and vereor (“to fear, respect”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to…

It is from Latin sēricus (“of the Seres; silken”), used as a noun in the neuter. The adjective is from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós, “of the Seres, silken”), from the name of the eastern people…

It is from Latin superbus (“proud, haughty”) + -iō. De Vaan treats superbus together with probus (“excellent, good”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pro-f(w)-o- (“favourable”); since superbus is…

It is formed from Latin Teutonī + -icus, from the tribal name Teutonī or Teutonēs (“the Teutons”). The name probably comes from Proto-Germanic *þeudanōz, perhaps through Celtic, ultimately from…

It is from Latin contrādīcō (“to speak against”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from contrā (“against”) and dīcō (“to say”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἠθικός (ēthikós, “moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, custom”).

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin excūsō (“to excuse, justify”). De Vaan lists that verb among the derivatives of causa (“cause, case”), formed with ex-.

It is a denominative verb from Latin lassus (“tired”). The adjective lassus goes back to Proto-Italic *lassos and Proto-Indo-European *lh₁d-tó- (“tired”), with a d-extension of the root…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + temptō (“to try, feel”).

It is from Latin alimentum (“nourishment”) + -ārius, from alō (“to nourish”). De Vaan traces ⟨alō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ale/o- (“to feed”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-e/o-.

It is from Latin con- + trīstis (“sad”) + -ō, a verb made from the adjective. De Vaan finds no good etymology for trīstis; a link with Germanic words for “audacious” that Hill considers fails on the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía, “dread of water”), from ὑδροφόβος (hudrophóbos, “dreading water”), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) and φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ληθαργία (lēthargía, “drowsiness, forgetfulness”), from λήθαργος (lḗthargos, “forgetful”). Etymonline traces it further to λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetting”). Pliny…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness, frenzy”). Etymonline relates the Greek word to μαίνομαι (maínomai, “to rage”). The native Latin words were furor and insania. Isidore of…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron). The OLD and Köbler take the Greek word to be ultimately of Egyptian origin, while Wiktionary gives it a Semitic source.

It is from Latin vulnerō (“to wound”) + -bilis, ⟨vulnerō⟩ being from vulnus “wound”.

It is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + equitō (“to ride”), and that verb comes from eques (“horseman”), from equus (“horse”). The noun goes back to Proto-Italic *ekwo- (“horse”) and…

It is from Latin antīquus (“ancient, old”) + -itus. The grammarian Charisius compares dīvīnitus (“from heaven”), formed in the same way from dīvīnus. De Vaan traces antīquus to Proto-Indo-European…