circumcludo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [kɪr.kʊŋˈkɫuː.doː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃir.kuŋˈkluː.do]^[1]

Forms

circumclūdō (present infinitive circumclūdere, perfect active circumclūsī, supine circumclūsum); third conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from circum- “around” and claudō “to close”, in its compound form ⟨-clūdō⟩.^[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Caesar, who says the Germans edge aurochs horns with silver.^[2][3] Köbler dates Caesar c. 50 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to surround, encircle with a structure, and to surround an army, as in Caesar.^[2] Lewis & Short note it is used in good classical prose.^[5]

Timeline

• c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it.^[2][4]

Meanings

Verb

1. To enclose, encircle.^[2]
2. To surround (an army).^[2]

Related words

• claudō
• inclūdō
• exclūdō

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
4. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press