Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin nōminō (“to name”) + -īvus, a calque of Ancient Greek ὀνομαστική (onomastikḗ) (⟨ptôsis⟩), the naming case.

It is from Latin nota (“mark, sign”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin nūtrīx (“nurse”) + -ius (stem ⟨nūtrīc-⟩, or from ⟨nūtrīcō⟩), and is also spelled ⟨nūtrītius⟩. ⟨Nūtrīx⟩ is from nūtriō “to nourish”.

It is from Latin ob- (“against”) + faciō (“to make, act”). De Vaan traces ⟨faciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *fak-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-k- (“to make”), an extension of *dʰeh₁- (“to put”).

It is from Latin opera (“effort”) + -or or from opus “work”, the verb suffix, or a back-formation from ⟨operātus⟩. An active ⟨operō⟩ is late.

It is from Latin opifex (“craftsman”) + -ium, like officium. ⟨opifex⟩ is from opus (“work”) and faciō (“to make”).

It is from Latin particeps (“sharing”) + -ium, the grammatical sense being a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μετοχή (metokhḗ, “sharing, participle”). Wiktionary derives it from participō, from pars…

It is from Latin patior (“to suffer, undergo”) + -tiō, modelled on Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “suffering, emotion”).

It is from Latin pāstor (“shepherd”) + -ālis; ⟨pāstor⟩ is from pāscō “to graze”. De Vaan traces ⟨pāscō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“to protect, herd”).

It is from Latin pāscō (“to graze, feed”) + -tus, the action-noun suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨pāscō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“to protect, herd”).

It is from Latin pendō (“to weigh out, pay”) + -tiō, literally “a weighing out”. Varro connects it with weighing out bronze money.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πέρδιξ (pérdix, “partridge”).

It is from Latin pestilēns (“unhealthy, pestilent”) + -ia, from pestis “plague”. De Vaan rejects the old explanation of ⟨pestis⟩ from ⟨*per-sitis⟩ and notes a possible Avestan ⟨*pesti-⟩ “illness” in…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), which came through Middle Persian from an Indo-Aryan source, ultimately Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).

1. The verb for chirping is an imitative word, an onomatopoeic formation like pīpō (“to chirp”), among whose derivatives de Vaan lists it. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *pī̆p- for the group and…

It is from Latin plānus (“flat, level”), its neuter, used as a noun. De Vaan traces ⟨plānus⟩ to Proto-Italic *plāno-, from Proto-Indo-European *pl(e)h₂-nó- (“flattened”).

It is from Latin praecoquō (“to ripen early”), from prae- (“before”) and coquō “to cook, ripen”, formed like dux. De Vaan explains it as containing a root noun *-pokʷ-s, from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + sum (“to be”). De Vaan traces ⟨sum⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

It is a contracted form from Latin prehēnsiō, from prehendō “to seize”, contracted prēndō, with -tiō. De Vaan traces ⟨prehendō⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*(prai-)χend-⟩ “to seize”, Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin probō (“to test, approve”) + -tiō, from probus “good”. De Vaan traces ⟨probus⟩ “good, upright” to Proto-Italic ⟨*pro-f(w)-o-⟩ “favourable”, from ⟨*pro-⟩ and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin prō- (“forth”) + pōnō (“to put, place”).

It is a back-formation from the phrase ⟨prō portiōne⟩ “in proportion”, from Latin prō + portiō (“share”).

It is from Latin putreō (“to be rotten”) + -ēscō, the inchoative suffix, or from putris, from puter “rotten, crumbling”.

It is from Latin quadrum or from quadrus “square”, from quattuor “four”.

It is from Latin radius (“spoke of a wheel, ray”) + -ō, the verb suffix, and a deponent ⟨radior⟩ is also found.

It is onomatopoeic, probably imitating a croaking sound “rā”, inherited from Proto-Italic *rā-nā-. De Vaan and the Thesaurus mention a possible root Proto-Indo-European *reh₂(i)- (“to roar”), as in…

It is related to Old Norse grár (“grey”), Old English grǣg (“grey”), Old High German grāo (“grey”) and English gray, from *ǵʰreh₁-wo-. De Vaan assumes that *ǵʰr- became Latin /gr/, preserved in the…

It is from Latin removeō (“to move back, remove”), its perfect participle. The manuscripts of Lucretius have ⟨remm-⟩ or a long ⟨rē-⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥυθμός (rhuthmós, “measured motion, rhythm”). Köbler compares Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). It is also spelled ⟨rythmus⟩ and ⟨rhythmos⟩.

It is from Latin rosa (“rose”) + -ārium (“place for”), the neuter of ⟨rosārius⟩ “of roses”.

It is from Latin sacerdōs (“priest, priestess”) + -ula, a diminutive. ⟨sacerdōs⟩ is from sacer (“sacred”).

It is from Latin sacrō (“to consecrate”) + -mentum, ⟨sacrō⟩ being from sacer “sacred”. Isidore explains it as a pledge, so called because breaking a promise is perfidy.

It is from Latin sapiō (“to taste of”) + -or. Köbler traces it to Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“to taste”).

It is from Latin sciēns (“knowing”) + -ia, from sciō “to know”. De Vaan takes scio as a back-formation from nesciō, perhaps from a root meaning “to cut, distinguish”, Proto-Italic *skije/o-…

It is from Latin sē- + claudō (“to shut”). De Vaan traces ⟨claudō⟩ to Proto-Italic *klaud-e/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to shut”).

It is from Latin seco (“to cut”) + -tiō. secō continues Proto-Italic *sekaō, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).

It is from Latin sentiō (“to feel, perceive”) + -tus, an action noun. The verb is from Proto-Italic *s(e)nt-ije/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *snt-ie/o-; its meaning connects it with a Balto-Slavic…

It is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *septm-dḱomt- (“seven tens”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”), the source of septem. De Vaan explains the -ā- as taken from the other decades…

It is a diminutive from Latin signum (“sign, image”), formed early: *signolom > *sign̥lom > *siginlom > ⟨sigillum⟩.

It is from Latin singulī (“one each”) + -āris.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos, “green gem”), itself from a Semitic source. Köbler compares Biblical Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (bāreqeṯ, “emerald”) and Akkadian barraqtu. It is also…

It is from Latin solvō (“to loosen, release, pay”) + -tiō.

1. This word is from Latin speciō (“to look”) + -ula; compare speculum “mirror”. De Vaan traces ⟨speciō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *spéḱ-ye/o- (“to look”). 2. This word is from Latin spēs (“hope”) +…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *spondā- (“frame”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *spond-h₂-, probably from the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to spin”) of pendō. It is an Italo-Celtic…

It is a verb from Proto-Italic *stīpo- (“erect, rigid”), an adjective, Proto-Indo-European *stéip-o-. Cognate with Old English stīf (“stiff”), Lithuanian stìpti (“to stiffen”) and Lithuanian stiprùs…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Στωϊκός (Stōïkós, “Stoic”), from στοά (stoá, “portico”), the Painted Portico in Athens where Zeno taught. The dictionaries write the word with a capital, Stōicus.

It is from Latin sub- (“under, up from below”) + mittō (“to send, let go”). It is also spelled ⟨summittō⟩.

It is from Latin super- (“above”) + faciēs (“form, shape”), the vowel change probably influenced by -fex. A neuter ⟨superficium⟩ is also found in inscriptions and the jurists.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συμμετρία (summetría, “due proportion”). The Greek comes from σύμμετρος (súmmetros, “commensurate”), from συν- (sun-, “together”) and μέτρον (métron, “measure”)…

It is from Proto-Italic *teln-, from a root Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“flat, ground”). Cognate with Old Irish talam (“earth”), Sanskrit तल (tala, “surface”) and Lithuanian tìlės (“floor of a…

It is from Latin tempero (“to mix in due proportion”) + -ūra. temperō comes from tempus, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch”) or Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”).

It is from Latin terminus (“boundary, end”) + -ālis.

It is from Latin terra (“land”) + -tōrium, the ending of place names in, apparently on the analogy of words like dēversōrium. Etymonline quotes de Vaan's remark that -tōrium is otherwise productive…

It may be inherited from Proto-Italic *tī-ti- (“heating”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *teyh₁- (“to become hot, melt”), as the LIV has it. Possible cognates are Old Irish tinaid (“melts…

Its origin is uncertain. Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny derived it from *towementom, from the root Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”) of tumeō, perhaps through a causative “to stuff”. De Vaan…

It is from Latin trādō (“to hand over, surrender”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin trādūcō (“to lead across”), from trāns and dūcō “to lead”. De Vaan traces ⟨dūcō⟩ to Proto-Italic *douk-e-, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-e/o- (“to draw”).

It is from Latin tribūtus, its neuter, participle of tribuō “to allot”, used as a noun. Varro says it is named from the tribes, because the money imposed on the people was collected tribe by tribe…

Wiktionary and Köbler derive it from Latin tuba (“trumpet”), though the OLD calls it doubtful and Etymonline of unknown origin.

It is from Latin ūnus (“one”) + -tās.