Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin dictiō (“saying, speech”) + -ōsus. Lewis & Short derive it from dictum “saying”. ⟨dictiō⟩ is from dīcō (“to say”).

It is from Latin dis- + cernō (“to sift, separate”). Apuleius has a contracted perfect form, ⟨discrerit⟩.

It is from Latin discernō (“to separate, distinguish”), its perfect passive participle, used as an adjective.

It is from Latin discrīmen (“dividing line, distinction”) + -ō, the verb suffix. ⟨Discrīmen⟩ is from discernō “to separate”.

It is from Latin dis- + pendō (“to weigh, pay”). De Vaan traces ⟨pendō⟩ to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang; weigh”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to spin”).

It is from Latin dis- (“apart”) + plicō (“to fold”).

1. This verb is from Latin dis- + serō (“to sow, plant”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨serō⟩ “to sow” as Proto-Italic ⟨*si-se/o-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *si-sh₁-e/o- (“to sow”), cognate with Lithuanian sėti…

It is from Latin dīvertō (“to turn aside, go different ways”), its participle, from dis- and vertō “to turn”. An older spelling is ⟨dīvorsus⟩.

It is from Latin dīvidō (“to divide”) + -tiō. Quintilian has ⟨-viss-⟩.

It is from Latin doceō (“to teach”) + -mentum. Varro defines ⟨documenta⟩ as examples given for the sake of teaching. Lucretius has ⟨documen⟩, and the spelling ⟨docimentum⟩ is also found.

It is a derivative from Latin ēr (“hedgehog”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”). Etymonline traces it to a root *ghers- “to bristle”, as in horreō. Gaffiot also spells it ⟨hēricius⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐτυμολογία (etumología, “etymology”), from ἔτυμον (étumon, “true sense”) and λόγος (lógos, “word, account”). Cicero rendered it in Latin as veriloquium and notatio…

It is a frequentative from Latin exerceō (“to keep busy, train”) + -tō.

It is from Latin experiēns + -ia, ⟨experiēns⟩ being the present participle of experior “to try, test”.

It is from Latin experior (“to test, try”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective.

It is from Latin ex- (“out”) + portō (“to carry”).

It is from the phrase ⟨extrā ōrdinem⟩ “outside the order”, from Latin extrā + ōrdō + -ārius.

It is from Latin far (“emmer, grain”) + -āgō. Far is *fars (“flour”); de Vaan thinks the stem may be a loanword for a primitive grain. Varro has a form ferrāgō, made by popular etymology from ferrum…

1. The adjective is formed from Latin fās (“divine law, what is permitted”) with an adjectival suffix. Lewis & Short explain it as the day “on which it is allowed to speak”, from the root of fārī…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *ferwe/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeru-e/o- (“to be hot, boil”). Wiktionary gives the root as Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-. Cognate with Old Irish…

It is from Latin figūra (“shape”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin fīnis (“boundary, limit”) + -iō. The origin of fīnis is disputed: Walde and Hofmann reconstruct *fīg-s-ni- “something driven in”, a boundary stone or pole; others connect a root…

It has no etymology. It belongs to a group of adjectives with an expressive internal geminate, such as crassus and gibber, so from *flako- or *flāko-. De Vaan discards all explanations that assume a…

It is from Latin frūctus (“fruit, produce, profit”) + -ārius. De Vaan traces ⟨frūctus⟩, the noun of fruor “to enjoy”, to Proto-Italic ⟨*frūg-je/o-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-ye/o- (“to use”)…

It is from Latin frūctus (“enjoyment, produce, profit”) + -ōsus; ⟨frūctus⟩ is from fruor “to enjoy”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-ye- (“to use”).

It is from Latin fūmus (“smoke”) + -igō. De Vaan traces ⟨fūmus⟩ to Proto-Italic *fūmo-, Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂-mó- (“smoke”), cognate with Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá-, “smoke”) and Ancient Greek θυμός…

It is from Latin gentīlis (“of a gens”) + -icius, from gēns “clan”. De Vaan traces ⟨gēns⟩ to Proto-Italic *genti-, Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁-ti- (“child”), originally “clan, people of the same…

It is from Latin gentīlis (“of a gens; of the same clan”) + -tās, from gēns “clan”. De Vaan traces ⟨gēns⟩ to Proto-Italic *genti-, Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁-ti- (“child”), originally “clan, people…

It is related to globus “ball”. Wiktionary suggests Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”), with unclear morphology, and Köbler Proto-Indo-European *glem- (“lump”). The OLD compares Old…

It imitates the bird's cry. Quintilian and Isidore of Seville already derived it from its call, and Isidore rejects a derivation from its flying in flocks. It could formally match Slavic *grakati…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek αἵρεσις (haíresis, “choice; sect”). Tertullian and Jerome explain the name from the Greek for “choice”, and Isidore of Seville says it is so called because each…

De Vaan derives it inherited from Proto-Italic *χeliwo-, Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-i-wo- (“yellow, green”), an i-stem adjective as in Sanskrit हरि (hári, “yellow, greenish”), extended with *-wo-…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἱστορικός (historikós, “exact, historical”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry, history”); it is also felt as historia with the suffix -icus.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra, “water snake”). The Greek word is from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”), and is related to English otter. Isidore…

It is from Latin Iānus (“Janus”) + -ārius. Isidore says the month is named after Janus, or because it is the boundary and door (⟨iānua⟩) of the year.

It is from Latin imperiōsus (“imperious”) + -ē, an adverb; ⟨imperiōsus⟩ is from imperium (“command, power”), from imperō (“to command”).

It is from Latin in- (“in, into”) + portō (“to carry”). It is also spelled ⟨inportō⟩.

It is from Latin in- + augurō (“to take the auspices”).

It is from Latin indu- (“within”) + -gena (“born”), ⟨indu-⟩ being a strengthened form of in-, from gignō “to beget”. The TLL compares Ancient Greek ἔγγονος (éngonos, “grandchild”) and Old Irish…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + fīnītus, the participle of fīniō “to bound”. Varro has ⟨infeineit-⟩, and the comparative is apparently found only in Cicero's ⟨Topica⟩.

It is from Latin in- (“in, on”) + fōrmō (“to form”).

It is from Latin initium (“beginning”) + -ālis, from initium, from ineō “to go in, begin”.

It is from Latin initium (“beginning, entrance”) + -ō, the verb suffix. ⟨Initium⟩ is from ineō “to go in, begin”. A deponent ⟨initior⟩ is also found.

It is from Latin inter- (“between”) + iaciō (“to throw”). De Vaan traces ⟨iaciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₁- (“to throw, let go”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *n̥ter-sto- (“internal”). De Vaan, after Leumann, takes it from inter with a suffix *-stīno-, from a compound in *-sth₂-o- “standing”. Walde–Hofmann took it from…

It is from Latin liber (“book”) + -ārius, first as an adjective “of books” and then as a noun.

The origin is uncertain. It may be from Proto-Indo-European *lemb- (“to hang down limply”), with Sanskrit लम्बते (lámbate, “hangs down”) and English limp, but the /b/, the specific meaning and its…

It is from Latin līmes (“boundary”) + -ō, the verb suffix. An inscription has ⟨leim-⟩.

It is from Latin locus (“place”) + -ālis.

1. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *malo-, usually traced to Proto-Indo-European *mol-o- (“bad”). This etymology goes back to Ernout and Meillet; de Vaan finds it semantically fine but uncertain…

It is probably Greek, compare Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon, “charm, means of bewitching”). Wiktionary and Köbler connect it with μαγγανεύω (manganeúō, “to use charms; to trick out”), so that it…

It is from Latin marītus (“husband; married”) + -ō. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨marītus⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*mareito-⟩ “having a young woman”, from Proto-Indo-European *mor-(e)i- (“young woman”), cognate…

It is from Latin merīdiēs (“midday; south”) + -ānus. Merīdiēs is from merīdiē (“at noon”), altered by dissimilation from *medi diē, from medius “middle” and diēs “day”.

It is from Latin minus (“less”) with the comparative suffix *-tero-, from *minos-tero-, as magister “master” is from magis “more”. The comparative minor is from Proto-Italic *minōs, from…

It is a diminutive from Latin modus (“measure”) + -ulus.

It is probably borrowed from Ancient Greek μόρον (móron, “black mulberry, blackberry”), though its long ⟨ō⟩ is unexpected. The OLD compares Greek ⟨móron⟩ and Old Armenian մոր (mor, “blackberry”)…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μύλλος (múllos, “red mullet”), which the OLD relates to μέλας (mélas, “black”) and μίλτος (míltos, “red earth”). Pliny reports Fenestella's view that the fish was…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “shrine of the Muses”), from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”). Variant spellings are mūsaeum and mūsīum.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ, “art of the Muses”), short for the Greek phrase for “the art of the Muses”, from Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”). A Greek form mūsicē was also used.

It is from Latin nōmen (“name”) + -ālis.