participium

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [par.tɪˈkɪ.pi.ũː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [par.tiˈt͡ʃiː.pi.um]^[1]

Forms

participium n (genitive participiī or participī); second declension^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin particeps (“sharing”) + -ium, the grammatical sense being a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μετοχή (metokhḗ, “sharing, participle”).^[2][1][3] Wiktionary derives it from participō, from pars and capiō.^[1] Isidore of Seville explained it as taking parts of the noun and the verb, as if particapium.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Varro, in On the Latin Language, uses it of the participle.^[5][6] Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^[7]

Semantic evolution

Its usual sense was grammatical, a participle, a verb form that shares in the functions of a noun, and ancient grammarians counted the gerundive among them.^[2][8] Quintilian uses it so.^[5] The sense of sharing, participation, is found in Justinian's Code.^[8][5]

In medieval Latin it was participation and a share in common rights of use.^[9][7] English participle is recorded in the late 14th century.^[10]

Timeline

• 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of the participle.^[5][7]
• c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it.^[5][7]
• 528–534 AD – Justinian's Code uses it of sharing.^[8][7]
• late 14th century – English participle is recorded.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. (grammar) A participle.^[2][8]
2. Sharing, participation.^[8][1]
3. (Medieval Latin) A share in common rights of use.^[9]

Word family

• participālis
• participiālis
• participiāliter

Related words

• pars
• particeps
• participātiō
• participātor
• participātum
• participātus
• participō
• English participle
• English participate

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).
5. ^ a b c d e Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
7. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
8. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
9. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
10. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com