studiosus

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [stʊ.diˈoː.sʊs]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [stu.diˈɔː.s̬us]^[1]

Forms

studiōsus (feminine studiōsa, neuter studiōsum, comparative studiōsior, superlative studiōsissimus, adverb studiōsē); first/second-declension adjective^[1] Comparative studiōsior, superlative studiōsissimus.^[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin studium (“zeal, study”) + -ōsus.^[2][1] De Vaan explains studeō as a stative ⟨*stud-ē-⟩ to a root ⟨*(s)tud-⟩ “to thrust”, as in tundō, meaning “to be thrusting”, hence “to strive after”.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are Plautus and Cato, of eagerness.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant actively interested in something, eager, zealous, diligent, as in Cato's studiōsum reī quaerendae “keen on making money” and Cicero; fond of learning, studious, and as a noun a student, especially of literature or rhetoric, as in Ovid; and warmly attached to a person or party, a partisan, as in Cicero.^[2][5]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it means eager, zealous, diligent, studious.^[6] English studious (mid-14th century) is from it, and it survives as Italian studioso and Spanish estudioso.^[7][1]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^[2][4]
• 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of eagerness for gain.^[2][4]
• 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the studious.^[2][4]
• mid-14th century – English studious is recorded.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Eager, zealous, diligent.^[2][8]
2. Studious, (noun) a student.^[2]
3. Devoted, friendly, (noun) a partisan.^[2]

Word family

• instudiōsus
• perstudiōsus

Related words

• studium
• studeō
• English studious

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
7. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
8. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press