studiu

Forms

studiu n (plural studii)^[1] An older feminine form ștudie occurs in a document of 1813: „după o ștudie de 16 ani” “after sixteen years of study”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin studium (“zeal, application, study”), with Italian studio as a second model.^{[2][4][3][5][1]} The neologism dictionaries name both, and Marcu and Maneca also compare French étude.^[6][7] The Latin noun is formed studeō (“to devote oneself to”) with the abstract suffix -ium.^[1][8] Its first meaning in Latin was eager application, zeal; the sense of study grew out of it.^[8][9]

Romanian studio is its doublet, taken from the same Latin word through Italian and English.^[1][7] The inherited Romance forms show the same source: Spanish estudio, Catalan estudi and Portuguese estudo.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is the old variant ștudie in a document of 1813, in the sense “period of study, schooling”.^[2] Tiktin dates studiu itself to a school handbook of 1818.^[5]

Semantic evolution

The word entered as a term of schooling and learning: the act of studying, and in the plural the studies a person has completed.^[2][11] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 already gives two further senses, an artist's sketch and the office of a notary.^[11][12] Șăineanu adds a preparatory piece of work (a pune un proiect de lege la studiu) and a piece of music written for practice.^[13]

In modern Romanian the word also means a school subject and a scholarly paper; in the theatre a pune o piesă în studiu means to start rehearsing a play.^[4][14] Dimitrescu records the late 20th-century phrase studii aprofundate for the postgraduate cycle later called the master's degree.^[15]

Timeline

• 1813 – ștudie “study, schooling”, in a document.^[2]
• 1818 – studiu in a school handbook.^[5]
• 1848 – listed by Negulici with the senses “study”, “artist's sketch” and “notary's office”.^[11]
• 1870 – Costinescu's vocabulary gives the same senses, with the French equivalent étude.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of studying; sustained intellectual work to gain thorough knowledge of a field; the investigation of a problem or phenomenon.^[4][3][1]
2. The gaining of scientific knowledge, learning; in the plural, the stages of education a person goes through: și-a terminat studiile la Iași “he finished his studies in Iași”.^[4][1]
3. A school subject.^[4][6]
4. A scholarly or scientific paper or work.^[4][16]
5. (art) A partial or preliminary sketch from which a painter or sculptor composes a finished work.^[4][1]
6. (music) An étude, a virtuoso piece meant mainly to improve technique.^[4][17]

Related words

• student
• studia
• studios
• studio
• Latin studium

Usage notes

A-și face studiile means to go through school and university, and a pune o piesă în studiu to begin rehearsals of a play.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. studiu
3. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1025
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1062
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. studiu
6. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. studiu
7. ^ a b Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 166
8. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
11. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. studiu
12. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 567
13. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 622
14. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 277
15. ^ Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. studiu
16. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. studiu
17. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. studiu