studiose

Forms

studiōsē (comparative studiōsius, superlative studiōsissimē)^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin studiōsus (“eager, devoted”) + -ē.^[2][3] The adjective is made from studium (“zeal”), from studeō (“to be eager”),^[4] which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *stud-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *stud-eh₁- (“to thrust, hit”), a stative “to be thrusting” and so “to strive after”.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler dates it from Cicero,^[4] who uses it often in the sense eagerly or with application.^[6][3]

Semantic evolution

It means with serious application to a purpose or activity: ardently, earnestly, attentively, assiduously.^[2] Cicero speaks of a man who studies the heavens most eagerly and recommends someone more warmly, and Nepos of prizes offered so that men would arm themselves more zealously.^[3][6] Cicero also uses it in the sense deliberately, of speaking ill of the absent on purpose,^[3] and in medieval Latin it means purposely.^[7] Wiktionary glosses it “studiously”.^[1]

Timeline

• 81–43 BC – Cicero in the senses eagerly and deliberately.^[3][6][4]
• c. 100–24 BC – Nepos of men arming themselves zealously.^[3][4]

Meanings

Adverb

1. With application, eagerly, earnestly, attentively.^[2][3][6]
2. Deliberately, on purpose.^[3][7]
3. Studiously.^[1]

Related words

• studiōsus
• studium

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill