English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is borrowed from Latin nātālis (“of or belonging to birth; presiding over birthdays”), from nātus (“born”), the past participle of nāscor (“to be born”), with the suffix -ālis. Etymonline and the…

It is Middle English nerf, nerve, borrowed from Old French nerf (“sinew, tendon, nerve”) and directly Medieval Latin and Latin nervus (“sinew, tendon; cord, bowstring”), with metathesis from a…

It is inherited from Middle English notifien, also notefie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman notifier, also notefier, to make known, from Latin nōtificō (“to make known”). The French verb is recorded from…

1. The image of Pallas is inherited from Middle English Palladioun, borrowed from Old French palladion and directly borrowed from Latin Palladium, from Ancient Greek Παλλάδιον (Palládion), the noun…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French passif (“suffering, undergoing hardship”) and directly from Latin passīvus, capable of feeling or suffering, from pass-, the past participle stem of…

It is inherited from Middle English piken, later peke and peeke, of uncertain origin. The OED thinks it perhaps related to keek, also recorded in Chaucer, and compares the later peep. Barnhart…

It is inherited from Middle English perturben, borrowed from Old French perturber, also pertourber and parturber, and directly borrowed from Latin perturbō (“to throw into confusion, disturb”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English fermacie, borrowed from Old French farmacie (“a purgative”), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Ancient Greek φαρμακεία (pharmakeía, “the use of drugs; a…

It is inherited from Middle English plumber, also plummer, plomer and plumer, borrowed from Anglo-Norman plummer and Middle French plommier, also plombier, now plombier. The French word, recorded as…

1. The course of action is inherited from Middle English policie (“the art or practice of government”), borrowed from Old French policie (“political organization, civil administration”), from Late…

1. The bat is inherited from Middle English raket, probably borrowed from Middle French raquette, which the OED records for a paddle-shaped tool apparently used to scrape a ship's bottom (1388), an…

It is inherited from Middle English refuge, borrowed from Old French refuge (“hiding place”), from Latin refugium (“a taking refuge, place to flee back to”), from re- (“back”) and fugiō (“to flee”)…

It is inherited from Middle English repelen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman repeler, an alteration of rapeler (“to call back, revoke”), from re- (“back”) and apeler (“to call”) (see appeal).

It is inherited from Middle English report, with the verb reporten, borrowed from Old French report (“pronouncement, judgment”) and reporter (“to tell, relate”), from Latin reportō (“to carry…

It is inherited from Middle English repressen, borrowed from Latin repressus, the past participle of reprimō (“to hold back, check”), from re- (“back”) and premō (“to press”), which Etymonline and…

It is inherited from Middle English respiren, borrowed from Old French respirer, and directly borrowed from Latin respīrō (“to breathe again, recover one's breath”), from re- (“again”) and spīrō…

It is inherited from Middle English retenue, borrowed from Anglo-Norman retenue and retenue, the noun use of the feminine past participle of retenir (“to retain, hold back; to employ”), the source…

It is inherited from Middle English revolucioun, borrowed from Old French revolucion (“course, revolution of heavenly bodies”) (13th century), or directly from Late Latin revolūtiō (“a revolving”)…

It is inherited from Middle English revolven, borrowed from Middle French revolver (“to turn; to turn over in the mind”) and directly borrowed from Latin revolvō (“to roll back, unroll; to go back…

It is inherited from Middle English saufgarde, borrowed from Anglo-Norman saufgarde and Old French sauvegarde (“guarantee of safety, safekeeping”) (also salvegarde), formed from Old French sauve…

It is inherited from Middle English tal, probably inherited from Old English ġetæl (“swift, prompt, active”), from Germanic *(ga)tala-, also the source of Old Saxon gital and Old High German gizal…

It is inherited from Middle English variacioun, borrowed from Old French variation (“variety, diversity”) and directly Latin variatio (“difference, change”), from the past participle stem of variāre…

It is Middle English vital, borrowed from Old French vital and directly from Latin vītālis (“of life”), from vīta (“life”), related to vīvere “to live”, from Proto-Indo-European *gwei- (“to live”)…

It is, partly through Anglo-Norman voluntarie (Old French volontaire), borrowed from Latin voluntārius (“of one's free will”), from voluntās, will, which is formed from the present participle of…

It is borrowed from Old French acceptable (“pleasant, agreeable”) and directly acceptābilis (“worthy of acceptance”), from acceptāre (“to take or receive willingly”) (see accept).

It is borrowed from Latin altitūdō (“height”), from altus (“high”) (see old), literally “grown tall”, from Proto-Indo-European *al- (“to grow, nourish”).

It is inherited from Middle English arbitracioun, borrowed from Old French arbitracion, and directly from Latin arbitrātiō (“judgement, will”), a noun of action from the past participle of arbitror…

It is Middle English ark, arc, borrowed from Anglo-Norman arc, Old French arc (“bow, arch”), from Latin arcus (“bow, arch”) (see arrow), which de Vaan connects with words for willow and juniper…

It is inherited from Middle English armee, borrowed from Old French armée (“armed troop, armed expedition”), from Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), from Latin armāta, the feminine of armātus…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman artillerie, Old French artillerie, implements of war, from artillier, to equip with engines of war. The verb, whose spelling was influenced by art, skill, may come…

It is borrowed from Latin aspectus (“a seeing, look, appearance”), from the past participle of aspiciō (“to look at”), from ad- (“to, at”) and speciō (“to look”), from Proto-Indo-European *spek-…

It is formed from Middle English aspe (“aspen tree”) + -en, the adjectival suffix also found in ashen and oaken, or perhaps continues the Old English genitive æspan, as in “aspen leaf”…

It is borrowed from Latin aurōra (“dawn; the goddess of dawn”), perhaps partly through aurore. The Latin noun goes back to an earlier Latin *ausōsa, from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“to shine”)…

It is inherited from Middle English awarden (“to decide after careful consideration”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman awarder, a variant of Old Northern French eswarder, Old French esguarder “to…

It is Middle English, borrowed from Old French closure (“enclosure, fastening, wall, fence”), from Late Latin clausura (“lock, fortress, a closing”), from the past participle stem of claudere (“to…

It is borrowed from Old French commendable and directly borrowed from Latin commendābilis (“praiseworthy”), formed from commendō (“to commit to one's care; to praise”) and -bilis. Merriam-Webster…

It is inherited from Middle English committen, borrowed from Latin committō (“to unite, connect, bring together; to entrust; to perpetrate”), in Medieval Latin also “to put into custody”, from com-…

It is inherited from Middle English composicioun, borrowed from Old French composicion (“make-up; literary work; agreement, settlement”) and directly borrowed from Latin compositiō (“a putting…

It is inherited from Middle English consecraten, borrowed from Latin cōnsecrātus, the past participle of cōnsecrō (“to dedicate, devote as sacred, deify”), formed from com-, used as an intensive…

It is inherited from Middle English constaunt, borrowed from Old French constant and directly borrowed from Latin cōnstāns (“standing firm, stable, steadfast”), the present participle of cōnstō “to…

It is borrowed from Old French convertible (“interchangeable”), recorded in Anglo-Norman from the late 13th century, and directly borrowed from Late Latin convertibilis (“changeable”), which…

It is formed from English corn + -y, from the noun meaning grain. Corn is from Old English corn (“grain, seed”). The modern sense "trite, sentimental" comes from an earlier sense "rustic, appealing…

It is inherited from Middle English corpus, borrowed from Latin corpus (“body”), genitive corporis. Hoad suggests that in the 14th to 16th centuries it was perhaps partly a variant of corps, the…

It is inherited from Middle English corosif, borrowed from Old French corosif, also corrosif, from Medieval Latin corrōsīvus, from Latin corrōsus (“gnawed through”), the past participle of corrōdō…

It is borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, rough, bloody”), from a suffixed form of an Indo-European root meaning raw flesh, also the source of raw. cruel comes from the same Latin root.

It is inherited from Middle English daggere, also daggar and daggard, of uncertain origin. Most dictionaries take it as borrowed from Old French dague (“dagger”) in an altered form, itself from Old…

It is inherited from Middle English diffinitif, borrowed from Old French definitif (also diffinitif), Latin dēfīnītīvus (“explanatory, definitive”), formed on dēfīnītus, the past participle of…

It is inherited from Middle English digestioun, also degestion and disgestion, borrowed from Old French digestion (13th century) and directly borrowed from Latin dīgestiō (“digestion, arrangement”)…

It is inherited from Middle English digestif, borrowed from Old French digestif, also directly borrowed from Late Latin dīgestīvus (“pertaining to digestion”), formed from dīgestus, the past…

It is inherited from Middle English dishoneste, borrowed from Old French deshoneste (“dishonourable, indecent”), modern déshonnête. The Old French adjective is recorded from the 13th century, and…

It is inherited from Middle English deshonestee, also dishonestee, borrowed from Old French deshonesté, also deshonnesté, recorded in the 13th century, now déshonnêteté. The Anglo-Norman noun is…

It is inherited from Middle English durable, borrowed from Old French durable, recorded in French from the 11th century, and also directly from Latin dūrābilis (“lasting, permanent”), formed from…

It is inherited from Middle English envolupen, borrowed from Old French envoluper, also enveloper, now French envelopper, formed from en- (“in”) and voloper (“to wrap up”). Etymonline dates the Old…

It is inherited from Middle English equacioun, from French équation or directly from Latin aequātiō (“an equal distribution, a sharing in common”), aequātiōnem, from aequō, to make equal (see…

The adjective is borrowed from Latin ērēctus (“upright, raised, lofty”), the past participle of ērigō (“to raise, set up”), formed from ē- (“out, up”), a form of ex- used before r, and regō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English examinacioun, borrowed from Old French examinacion, from Latin exāminātio, a noun of action from exāmināre (“to weigh, test, consider”) (see examine), from exāmen…

It is inherited from Middle English fermentacioun, borrowed from Late Latin fermentātiō, a noun of action formed from fermentātus, the past participle of fermentō (“to leaven, cause to rise or…

It is inherited from Middle English formal, formel, borrowed from Old French formal, formel and directly from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma “form, figure, shape”. It is related to form and formality.

It is borrowed from Latin fortūnātus (“prospered, lucky, happy”), past participle of fortūnō, to make prosperous, from fortūna, luck (see fortune).

It is inherited from Middle English frounen, borrowed from Old French froignier (“to frown, scowl, snort, turn up one's nose”), also frognier, which survives only in French renfrogner and refrogner…