English words first recorded in the 15th century

Early forms are legger, lidger and ligger. It is probably formed from Middle English leggen (“to lay”) + -er, leggen being from Old English lecgan, the source of lay; the variant lidger is perhaps…

It is inherited from Middle English sobriete, also sobrietie, borrowed from Old French sobriete, or directly borrowed from Latin sōbrietās (“moderation, temperance”), from sōbrius (“sober”)…

It is inherited from Middle English allegacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman allegacioun, also allegacion and aligacione, and partly borrowed from Latin allēgātiō, a noun of action from allēgō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English aluren, borrowed from Anglo-Norman alurer, also aleurer and aluirer, "to lure a hawk", corresponding to Old French aleurer, aloirrier. The French verb was formed…

It is inherited from Middle English exclusioun, borrowed from Latin exclūsiō (“a shutting out”), a noun of action from exclūsus, the past participle of exclūdō (“to shut out, keep out”), from ex-…

It is inherited from Middle English fonel, also funell, borrowed from Old Occitan fonilh, probably through an unrecorded Old French *founil, from Late Latin fundibulum, a shortening of īnfundibulum…

It is inherited from Middle English includen, borrowed from Latin inclūdō (“to shut in, enclose, imprison, insert”), formed from in- (“in”) and claudō (“to shut”). Klein notes the regular change of…

It is formed from English intrusion + -ive in Merriam-Webster's analysis; the OED, Etymonline and Klein take it from Latin intrūsus, the past participle of intrūdō (“to thrust in”), with the suffix…

It is slutte, of unknown origin. Words of similar form and sense exist in several Germanic languages, but their relationship to one another and to this word is unclear: Dutch slodde (“slovenly…

It is inherited from Middle English suspense, also suspence, borrowed from Anglo-Norman suspens, in the phrase en suspens (“in abeyance”) (1306), with Old French suspense (“delay, deferment”)…

1. It is inherited from Middle English tagge, of uncertain origin, perhaps of Scandinavian origin; compare Norwegian and Swedish tagg “point, barb, prickle”. Middle Low German tagge “twig, spike”…

It is inherited from Middle English skelet, also skelett, of disputed origin. The American Heritage Dictionary, Klein and the Shorter Oxford take it as borrowed from Old French escuelete (“a small…

1. It is inherited from Middle English resumen, borrowed from Middle French resumer and directly Latin resūmere (“to take again, take up again”), from re-, again, and sūmō, to take (see assume)…

It is inherited from Middle English scrwe, skrewe, borrowed from Middle French escroue (“nut, cylindrical socket, screw-hole”), of uncertain origin. Barnhart derives it from Gallo-Romance *scrōba…

It is inherited from Middle English agreable, borrowed from Anglo-Norman agreable, also agreeable and aggreable, and Middle French agreable, now agréable, formed from agreer (“to please, satisfy”)…

1. The anchoring place is partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman ancorage, also ankerage, a toll for anchoring a vessel, and partly formed from English anchor + -age. The Anglo-Norman word, recorded in…

It is inherited from Middle English arrogaunt, borrowed from Old French arrogant, and partly directly borrowed from Latin arrogāns (“insolent, overbearing, conceited”), the present participle of…

It is inherited from Middle English cordial, borrowed from Medieval Latin cordiālis (“of or for the heart”), partly also borrowed from Middle French cordial. The Medieval Latin adjective meant…

It is inherited from Middle English depute, borrowed from Anglo-Norman deputé, a noun use of the past participle of Old French députer “to appoint, assign”, from Late Latin dēputō (“to destine…

It is formed from English home + coming, first as homcomyng. It replaced the older homecome, hamcume, from Old English hāmcyme (“a coming home, return”), a compound of hām (“home”) and cyme…

It is inherited from Middle English limitacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman limitacioun and limitacion, recorded in Old French from 1304, at first of limiting a person's authority, and in part…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman roialté and roiauté (modern royauté), an alteration, after the adjective roial (“royal”), of the older realté, which is recorded in Anglo-Norman from about 1136 in…

It is inherited from Middle English scrowell, an alteration under the influence of rolle (“roll”) of scrowe, borrowed from Anglo-Norman escrowe (Old French escroe (“scrap, strip of parchment”))…

It is Middle English manuel, borrowed from Middle French manuel and directly from Latin manuālis (“of or belonging to the hand”), later assimilated to the Latin, from manus (“hand”), from the PIE…

It is inherited from Middle English direccioun (“arrangement”), borrowed from Latin dīrēctiō (“a making straight; aiming, directing”), partly through Middle French direction, from dīrēctus, past…

1. The oar and spade-like tool is inherited from Middle English padel, also padell, perhaps borrowed from Medieval Latin padela, also padula, recorded in British sources of the 14th century in the…

It is inherited from Middle English providen, borrowed from Latin prōvideō (“to look ahead, prepare, supply”), from prō- (“forward, ahead”) and videō (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *weid- (“to…

The verb is inherited from Middle English relapsen, borrowed from Latin relāpsus, the past participle of relābor (“to slip back, slide back, sink back”), formed from re- (“back”) and lābor (“to…

1. Scotch meaning Scottish is a contracted form of Scottish, which goes back to late Old English Scottysc, a variant of Scyttisc. The older adjective is Scots. 2. The verb is inherited from Middle…

It is formed from English block + -er, from the verb in its sense to obstruct, according to Etymonline and the OED. That verb is from French bloquer (“to block, stop up”), from Old French bloc…

It is borrowed from Latin prōnus (“bent forward, inclined to”), perhaps from a lost adverb formed from prō (“forward”) (see pro-) with the ending seen in īnfernus and externus.

1. The slow creature is inherited from Middle English slugge (“lazy person; sloth”), also slogge, probably of Old Norse origin. Most dictionaries call it Scandinavian, comparing dialectal Swedish…

It is a compound, Middle English fotbal, of foot and ball.

It is inherited from Middle English subscripcion, borrowed from Middle French subscription and directly from Latin subscriptiō, subscriptiōnem, anything written underneath, a signature, from…

1. It is inherited from Middle English affecten, borrowed from Latin affectus, the past participle of afficiō (“to act on, exert influence on”), or from French affecter, from ad- “to” and facere “to…

It is formed from be-, thoroughly, and have in the sense to have or bear oneself in a certain way, corresponding to German sich behaben and French se tenir. Old English behabban, to contain, is only…

It is inherited from Middle English commoditee, borrowed from Middle French commodité and directly Latin commoditās (“fitness, convenience, advantage”), from commodus (“fit, convenient”) (see…

It is inherited from Middle English concurren, borrowed from Latin concurrō (“to run together, assemble; to clash; to coincide”), formed from con- (“together”) and currō (“to run”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English dependen, borrowed from Middle French dependre (“to hang down; be contingent”), from Vulgar Latin *dēpendō, for Latin dēpendēre (“to hang from, hang down”), from…

It is borrowed from Latin fīnītus (“limited, bounded, finished”), the past participle of fīniō (“to limit, set bounds; to end”), from fīnis (“end, limit”). Middle English had it as finit. The same…

It is inherited from Middle English fountaine, borrowed from Old French fontaine (“natural spring”), from Late Latin fontāna (“fountain, spring”), the feminine of Latin fontānus (“of a spring”)…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin gestūra (“bearing, behaviour, mode of action”), from gestus (“gesture, carriage, posture”), from gerō (“to bear, carry, act”), of uncertain origin.

It is inherited from Middle English ydeall, borrowed from Late Latin ideālis (“existing in idea”), from idea in the Platonic sense, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa), from ἰδεῖν (ideîn, “to…

1. To walk in step is inherited from Middle English marchen, borrowed from Middle French marcher (“to march, walk”), from marchier (“to trample, tread underfoot”), a word of uncertain origin…

It is inherited from Middle English paissaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman paisant, also paisaunt and pesant, and Old French païsant, modern paysan. The Old French word, recorded from the 12th…

It is inherited from Middle English permissioun, borrowed from Middle French permission and directly from Latin permissiō (“a giving up, a yielding; permission”), a noun of action from the past…

1. It is borrowed from Middle French pile (“a heap, a stack”) and directly borrowed from Latin pila (“a pillar; stone barrier, pier”) (see pillar). The sense development in Latin would have been…

It is inherited from Middle English produccioun, borrowed from Old French production (“production, exhibition”), and directly Medieval Latin prōductiō (“a prolonging, lengthening”), from prōductus…

It is inherited from Middle English retreven, borrowed from Old French retruev-, also retreuv-, the stressed stem of retrover and Anglo-Norman retruver, now retrouver, to find again. The French verb…

It is inherited from Middle English rumpe, probably borrowed from early Scandinavian; compare Icelandic rumpur (“buttocks”), Norwegian rumpe (“tail, buttocks”), Danish rumpe and Swedish rumpa, all…

It is borrowed from Middle French ruse (“a detour made by a hunted animal; a trick”), given by Etymonline and Barnhart as Old French ruse or reüse, a noun from the verb ruser, earlier reüser (“to…

It is formed from English spring + -er. The verb spring is from Old English springan (“to leap, burst forth”), from Proto-Germanic *springaną. The OED compares springer, Springer, springare and…

1. The dog is inherited from Middle English terrier, also terrere and terrour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman terrer, a noun recorded from 1354 for a breed of dog bred to flush out or pursue burrowing…

It is inherited from Middle English unioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman unioun and Old French union, from Late Latin ūniō (“oneness, unity, a uniting”), which in classical Latin meant “a single large…

It is inherited from Middle English unisoun, borrowed from Middle French unison, now unisson, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin ūnisonus (“having one sound, sounding the same”), from Late…

It is inherited from Middle English handgunne, formed from Middle English hand + gunne, that is, a gun held in the hand.

It is inherited from Middle English annuite, borrowed from Anglo-Norman annuité, also spelled annueté and annuyté, and partly directly borrowed from Medieval Latin annuitās (“annual payment”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English decepcioun, borrowed from Old French deception, or directly from Late Latin dēceptiō (“a deceiving”), from Latin dēceptus, the past participle of dēcipiō (“to…

It is borrowed from Middle French flexible or directly Latin flexibilis (“that may be bent, pliant”), from flexus, the past participle of flectere (“to bend”), which is of uncertain origin.

It is inherited from Middle English fraudulent, also fraudelent, borrowed from Old French fraudulent, or perhaps directly fraudulentus (“cheating, deceitful, dishonest”), formed from fraus (“deceit…