English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English frounen, borrowed from Old French froignier (“to frown, scowl, snort, turn up one's nose”), also frognier, which survives only in French renfrogner and refrogner…

It is inherited from Middle English gasen, also gazen and gace, probably of Scandinavian origin, and the MED takes it as borrowed from Old Norse. The evidence is Swedish gasa (“to gape, stare”) in…

It is inherited from Middle English glimsen (“to glisten, glance”), probably inherited from Old English *glimsian (“to shine faintly”), from Proto-West Germanic *glimisōjan, formed on the base of…

It is inherited from Middle English hernia, also hirnia and hernie, borrowed from Latin hernia (“a rupture”). The Latin noun is related to hīra (“gut, intestine”), and Etymonline and the American…

It is inherited from Middle English humiliacioun, borrowed from Old French humiliation, also humiliacion, and directly borrowed from Late Latin humiliātiō (“a humbling”), a noun of action from…

It is inherited from Middle English embiben, also enbiben and imbiben, borrowed from Old French embiber (“to soak into”) and directly borrowed from Latin imbibō (“to drink in, absorb, inhale”). Most…

It is inherited from Middle English impudence, borrowed from Latin impudentia (“shamelessness”), the noun of quality from impudēns (“shameless”). That adjective is formed from in- (“not”)…

It is borrowed from Latin impudēns (“shameless”), from in- (“not”) and pudēns (“ashamed, modest”), originally the present participle of pudeō (“to make or feel ashamed”). The OED notes that French…

It is inherited from Middle English insolence, also insolens, borrowed from Latin insolentia (“unusualness, excess, arrogance”), and in part borrowed from Old French insolence. The Latin noun is…

It is borrowed from Latin īnsolēns (“unaccustomed, unusual; excessive, immoderate; haughty, arrogant”), formed from in- (“not”) and solēns, the present participle of soleō (“to be accustomed”)…

It comes from Old French insufficient or directly borrowed from Late Latin insufficiēns (“not sufficing”), formed from in- (“not”) and sufficiēns (“sufficient”), the present participle of sufficiō…

It is inherited from Middle English introduccioun, borrowed from Old French introduccion, and directly from Latin intrōductiō (“a leading in”), a noun of action from intrōdūcō “to lead in, bring in…

1. The horse is inherited from Middle English jade, of uncertain or unknown origin. Barnhart suggests it is a variant of Scots and northern yaud, a mare, borrowed perhaps through an Anglo-French…

It is inherited from Middle English kiken, perhaps borrowed from Old Norse kikna (“to bend backwards, sink at the knees”), compare Norwegian keike “to bend backwards, wrangle”. Liberman takes the…

It is inherited from Middle English moralite, borrowed from Old French moralite (“moral of a story; moral character”) and directly Late Latin mōrālitās (“manner, character”), from Latin mōrālis (“of…

It is inherited from Middle English observen, borrowed from Old French observer (“to observe, watch over, follow”), from Latin observō, to watch over, heed, attend to, guard, comply with, from ob-…

It is inherited from Middle English operacioun, borrowed from Old French operacion (“operation, working, proceedings”), from Latin operātiō (“a working, operation”), a noun of action from the past…

It is inherited from Middle English opposicioun, borrowed from Old French oposicion (12th century), and directly from Latin oppositiō (“act of opposing, a placing against”), from the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English pagyn, also pagent and pagend, partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman pagin, also pagent, and partly borrowed from Medieval Latin pāgina (“a play in a mystery cycle; a…

As the name of the falcon it is short for peregrine falcon, inherited from Middle English faucon peregryn, borrowed from Old French faucon pelerin and Medieval Latin falcō peregrīnus, from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English reportour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reportour, Old French reporteur (modern French rapporteur), or else an agent noun from report, later altered to match -er.

It is inherited from Middle English reteinen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman retei(g)n-, the stressed stem of Old French retenir (“to keep, retain; take into service; remember”), from Latin retinēre…

It is inherited from Middle English rigour, borrowed from Old French rigor, also rigour, and directly borrowed from Latin rigor (“numbness, stiffness, hardness”), from rigeō (“to be stiff”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English shelfe, probably borrowed from Middle Low German schelf (“shelf, set of shelves”), related to Old English scylfe, partition, deck of a ship, and scylf, crag…

It is inherited from Middle English sippen, of uncertain origin. The OED and others take it as perhaps a modification of sup, made to express a lighter, less vigorous action; the MED also allows a…

It is inherited from Middle English struglen, strogelen, a word of obscure origin, probably a frequentative with the suffix -le, as in trample and wrestle, but the first element is uncertain. Skeat…

It is inherited from Middle English stibourne, later stoburne and stuborn, a word of uncertain or unknown origin. The derivation usually suggested is from stubbe (“stump”), the source of stub, as if…

It is inherited from Middle English test, borrowed from Old French test (“pot”) (modern têt (“cupel”)), from Latin testum (“earthen pot”) (also testū), which is related to testa (“piece of burnt…

It is inherited from Middle English total (“whole”), borrowed from Old French total, from Medieval Latin tōtālis (“entire, total”), as in summa tōtālis (“sum total”), from Latin tōtus (“all, whole…

It is inherited from Middle English treye, also treis, borrowed from Old French treis, also trei, now French trois. Klein explains trei as the nominative and treis as the oblique case, which gave…

It is inherited from Middle English triklen, also trikelen and trekelen, a word of uncertain origin. Johnson found no etymology for it that seemed well founded. Skeat took it as a shortening of…

1. The verb meaning to flow or roll is inherited from Middle English trillen, probably of Scandinavian origin, though the OED says only "perhaps". The comparisons are Swedish trilla (“to roll…

The verb is inherited from Middle English trippen (“to tread lightly, skip”), borrowed from Old French triper (“to jump about, dance; to strike with the feet”), treper, from a Germanic source…

It is inherited from Middle English vacacioun, borrowed from Middle French vacation and directly from Latin vacātiō (“freedom, exemption, immunity”), from the past participle of vacō (“to be empty…

It is inherited from Middle English vel, also veel, borrowed from Anglo-Norman vel, also veel, from Old French veel (“a calf”) (12th century, modern veau), earlier vedel, from Latin vitellus…

It is inherited from Middle English victorious, borrowed from Anglo-Norman victorious (Old French victorios, French victorieux) and directly borrowed from Latin victōriōsus (“having many…

It is borrowed from Old French village (“houses and buildings in a group, usually smaller than a town”), from Latin villāticum (“farmstead with its buildings”), the noun use of villāticus (“of a…

It is inherited from Middle English walet, of uncertain origin, probably from an unrecorded Anglo-French or Old Northern French *walet, a roll or knapsack, perhaps from a Germanic base related to…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman accidentel, also accidental, and its source Late Latin accidentālis (“not forming part of the essence”), formed on Latin accidēns (“happening; an accident”), with…

It is inherited from Middle English adquisicioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman acquisition or directly borrowed from Latin acquīsītio (“an acquiring”), a noun of action from acquīrere (“to get in…

It is inherited from Middle English adjectif, borrowed from Anglo-Norman adjectyf and Middle French adjectif, first recorded in the early 14th century in the phrase nom adjectif, and directly…

It is inherited from Middle English admitten, borrowed from Latin admittō (“to admit, give entrance; allow, permit”), from ad- “to” and mittō “to let go, send”, the source of mission…

It is inherited from Middle English apocripha (“not authentic”), borrowed from Medieval Latin apocrypha, from Late Latin apocrypha, short for apocrypha scrīpta (“hidden writings”), the neuter plural…

It is inherited from Middle English briberie, formed partly from English bribe + -ery and partly from briber with the suffix -y. Etymonline, Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com derive it from Old…

1. The buttocks is inherited from Middle English bom, of uncertain origin. The OED suggests that it may be imitative or expressive, comparing other words of similar sound that mean a rounded…

It is inherited from Middle English cariage, borrowed from Anglo-Norman cariage (Old North French cariage), from carier (“to carry”) (see carry) and -age, from Late Latin carricō, from Latin carrus…

It is inherited from Middle English civil, borrowed from Old French civil (“civil, relating to civil law”), and directly a learned borrowing from Latin cīvīlis (“of or proper to a citizen, relating…

It is inherited from Middle English collectioun, borrowed from Old French collection, from Latin collēctiō (“a gathering together”), a noun of action from collēctus, the past participle of colligō…

It is borrowed from Latin cōmicus (“of comedy”), from Ancient Greek κωμικός (kōmikós, “of or pertaining to comedy”), from κῶμος (kômos, “revel, merrymaking”). It is related to comedy.

It is inherited from Middle English comment (“commentary, exposition”), possibly borrowed from Old French coment (“commentary”), or directly from Late Latin commentum (“comment, interpretation”), in…

It is inherited from Middle English compensacioun, through Old French from Latin compēnsātiō (“a weighing of one thing against another, a balancing”) (accusative compensationem), a noun of action…

It is inherited from Middle English confederacie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman confederacie, formed on the stem of Latin cōnfoederō (“to unite in a league”), or of cōnfoederātiō (“agreement”), which…

It is inherited from Middle English confederat, borrowed from Late Latin cōnfoederātus (“leagued together”), the past participle of cōnfoederō (“to unite in a league”), from com- (“together”) and…

It is inherited from Middle English consulat, borrowed from Latin cōnsulātus (“the office of a consul”), from cōnsul and the suffix -ātus. French formed consulat in the same way. The American…

It is inherited from Middle English contribucioun, borrowed from Old French contribution (“payment”) and directly borrowed from Late Latin contribūtiō (“a dividing, distributing”) (accusative…

It is inherited from Middle English cicle, borrowed from Old French cicle, cycle, and directly from Late Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kýklos, “circle, ring, wheel; circular motion, cycle…

It is inherited from Middle English diffamacioun, also defamacioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman defamacion and diffamacion, and also directly borrowed from Medieval Latin diffamatio (“slander…

It is inherited from Middle English diametre, borrowed from Old French diametre, from Latin diametrus, from Greek διάμετρος (diámetros, “diagonal of a circle or parallelogram”), short for diámetros…

The noun is inherited from Middle English digest, borrowed from Late Latin dīgesta, the name of Justinian's compilation of Roman law, in classical Latin a collection of writings arranged under…

It is inherited from Middle English disavauntage, also desavauntage, borrowed from Old French desavantage, formed from des- (“not, the opposite of”) and avantage (“advantage, profit”), from avant…