English words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Middle English bullok, also bollok, inherited from Old English bulluc (“young bull, bull calf”), a diminutive of bula (“bull”) with the suffix that is now -ock. Etymonline…

It is inherited from Middle English maken, inherited from Old English macian (“to make, construct, prepare”), from Proto-West Germanic *makōn. It is cognate with Old Saxon makōn, Old Frisian makia…

It is inherited from Middle English sleve, inherited from Old English slīefe (West Saxon), also slēfe (Anglian), from Proto-Germanic *slaubjōn, probably “that into which the arm slips”. It is…

1. Utter, complete, is inherited from Middle English uttre, inherited from Old English ūtera (“outer, exterior”) (also ūttra), the comparative of ūt (“out”) (see out), from Proto-Germanic *ūtizô…

It is inherited from Scots links (“sandy, rolling ground near the seashore”), inherited from Old English hlincas, plural of hlinc (“rising ground, ridge, bank”), perhaps from the same Germanic root…

According to the OED, which revised the entry in 2012, it is inherited from Middle English afte (“back”), inherited from Old English æftan (“behind, from behind”), from Proto-Germanic *aftanē (“from…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English crouden, inherited from Old English crūdan (“to press, hasten, drive”), cognate with Middle Dutch cruden “to press, push”, Middle High German kroten “to…

1. The whetstone is inherited from Middle English hoone, inherited from Old English hān (“stone, rock, boundary stone”), from Proto-Germanic *hainō, which is also the source of Old Norse hein…

It is inherited from Middle English ale, inherited from Old English ealu, also alu, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *alu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *alu; Barnhart, Etymonline and Ayto give…

It is inherited from Old English bēan (“bean, pea, legume”) (about 1000; 940 in the OED), from *baunō, cognate with Old Norse baun, Dutch boon and German Bohne. Merriam-Webster and Etymonline relate…

It is inherited from Old English wrist (probably before 940), from *wristiz, cognate with Old Frisian wrist, Middle Dutch wrist, Middle High German rist “wrist, ankle” (modern German Rist “instep”)…

It is inherited from Middle English hole, inherited from Old English hol (“hollow place, cave, orifice, perforation”), the noun use of the adjective hol “hollow, concave”, from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English iliche, ilike, with forms aliche, alike in the 14th century, inherited from Old English ġelīċ (“similar, like”) (adverb ġelīċe) and onlīċ, from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Old English alewe, also aluwe and alwe, borrowed from Latin aloē, from Ancient Greek ἀλόη (alóē, “bitter aloes, aloe vera”), a word of uncertain origin, probably a loanword…

It is inherited from Old English amen, borrowed from Late Latin āmēn, from Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “truth, certainty, verily”), from a Semitic root meaning to…

It is inherited from Middle English angel, aungel, inherited from Old English engel, fused about 1300 with Old French angele, both from Late Latin angelus, from Greek Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos…

It is inherited from Old English bere-ærn (“barley house”) (about 950), contracted to bern, from bere, barley, and ærn, house, storeroom, which is metathesized from *rasn, cognate with Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English blessen, from Old English blētsian, blēdsian, Northumbrian bloedsian, to consecrate by a religious rite, from Proto-Germanic *blōdisōną, to mark or hallow with…

It is inherited from Old English bolt (“short, stout arrow with a heavy head”), from Proto-Germanic *bultaz, source also of Old Norse bolti, Dutch bout and German Bolzen, perhaps originally an arrow…

It is inherited from Old English borgian (“to lend, be surety for”) (about 950), from borg, a pledge or surety, from *burg- (“pledge”). Cognates are Old High German borgēn, to take heed, give surety…

It is inherited from Middle English bisinesse, inherited from Old English bisiġnis (“care, anxiety”), formed from Old English bisiġ (“careful, anxious, busy”) + -nis, that is, from busy and -ness…

It is inherited from Middle English camel, also camail and chamel, inherited from Old English camel, also camell, borrowed from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), of Semitic…

It is inherited from Middle English chiken, chikene, inherited from Old English ċīcen (“young of the domestic hen; young of any bird”), from Proto-Germanic *kiukinam, the source also of Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English childhod, inherited from Old English ċildhād, formed from cild “child” and -hād “state, condition”, the sources of child and -hood. German has a similar…

It is inherited from Middle English dar, inherited from Old English durran (“to be bold enough, to venture”), from its first and third person singular present (dear, darr; second person dearst), a…

The adverb is inherited from Middle English erli, earlier erliche, inherited from Old English ǣrlīce, formed from ǣr (“soon, before”) (modern ere) and the adverb suffix -līce (-ly), probably after…

It is inherited from Middle English fourty, inherited from Old English fēowertiġ, from fēower (“four”) and -tiġ (“group of ten”) (see four, -ty). Cognates are Old Saxon fiwartig, Dutch veertig…

It is inherited from Middle English fourtene, inherited from Old English fēowertīene (also fēowertȳne), from fēower (“four”) and -tīene (“-teen”) (see four and -teen). Similar formations are Old…

It is inherited from Middle English fourthe, an alteration, under the influence of four, of earlier ferthe, inherited from Old English fēorþa (“fourth”), also fēowerþa, formed from fēower “four” and…

It is inherited from Old English gōdspel (“good news”), from gōd (“good”) and spel (“story, message”) (see spell), a translation of ecclesiastical Latin bona annuntiatio, itself a translation of…

It is inherited from Middle English hen, inherited from Old English henn, from Proto-West Germanic *hannjo, a feminine formed with a suffix causing i-mutation from the word for the rooster…

It is inherited from Middle English haliday, inherited from Old English hāliġdæġ (“holy day, Christian festival, Sabbath”), a compound of hāliġ (“holy”) and dæġ (“day”). Old English also had the…

It is inherited from Old English hundred (“the number 100, a count of 100”), a compound of hund (“hundred”) and an element meaning “count, reckoning”, from Proto-Germanic *hundaraþą, which is also…

It is inherited from Middle English hungry, inherited from Old English hungrig (“hungry, famished”), formed from hungor “hunger” and -ig “-y”. It is a common West Germanic formation, like Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English lacchen, also lecchen, inherited from Old English læccan (“to take hold of, seize, catch”), from Proto-Germanic *lakjaną, a verb not found in the other Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English leest, inherited from Old English lǣst, a contraction of earlier lǣsest (“smallest”), from Proto-Germanic *laisistaz, the superlative formed on the same base as…

It is Middle English liar, lier, inherited from Old English lēogere (“liar, false witness, hypocrite”), Anglian lēgere, an agent noun from lēogan, to be untruthful (see lie). The ending -ar, rather…

It is inherited from Middle English listnen, also lusnen, from Old English hlysnan (“to listen, hear; to attend to”), from Proto-Germanic *hlusinōn, the source also of Dutch luisteren, Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English motthe, also moththe and mothe, inherited from Old English moþþe, in the north mohþe. It is a common Germanic word, cognate with Middle Dutch motte, Middle Low…

1. The auxiliary is inherited from Middle English oughte, aghte, past tense of owen “to owe”, inherited from Old English āhte (“owned, possessed”), the past tense of āgan (“to own, possess, owe”)…

It is inherited from Middle English piper, inherited from Old English pīpere (“piper, flute player”), from pīpian (“to play a pipe”) and the agent suffix -ere, a word formed from pipe like its…

It is inherited from Middle English purpel, inherited from Old English purpul, a dissimilated Northumbrian form, first in the Lindisfarne Gospels, of Old English purpure “purple dye, a purple…

It is inherited from Middle English seine, also seyne, inherited from Old English segne (“drag-net”), from Proto-West Germanic *sagīna, the source also of Old Saxon segina and Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle English shethe, also schethe, inherited from Old English scēaþ, also scǣþ, a strong feminine noun meaning a sheath or scabbard, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz. It is…

It is inherited from Middle English scheo, sho, inherited from Old English scōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz, cognate with Old Frisian skōch, Dutch schoen, German Schuh, Old Norse skór and Gothic…

It is inherited from Middle English shour, inherited from Old English scūr (“short fall of rain; storm; fall of missiles”), from Proto-Germanic *skūraz. Old Norse skúr, German Schauer and Gothic…

It is inherited from Middle English shunen, also shunnen and schunien, inherited from Old English scunian (“to abhor, fear, avoid”), found chiefly in the compounds āscunian and onscunian. The OED…

It is inherited from Middle English sight, inherited from Old English ġesiht, also sihþ and ġesihþ, “thing seen, vision, power of sight”, a West Germanic derivative of the stem of Old English sēon…

It is inherited from Middle English sinken, inherited from Old English sincan (“to become submerged, go under”) (past tense sanc, participle suncen), from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną, cognate with Old…

It is inherited from Middle English sliden, inherited from Old English slīdan (“to glide, slip, fall”), from Proto-Germanic *slīdaną, related to Middle High German slīten (“to slide”) and Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English sothen (“to verify”), also soðien and soþi, inherited from Old English sōþian (“to show to be true, bear witness, confirm”), also gesōþian, from sōþ (“true”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English spillen, inherited from Old English spillan (“to destroy, kill”), a variant of spildan, from Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną, cognate with Old Saxon spildian (“to…

1. Spit, to expel saliva, is inherited from Middle English spitten, inherited from Old English spittan (Anglian), probably a dialect variant of West Saxon spǣtan, of imitative origin, compare Danish…

It is inherited from Old English stole (“long robe; clergyman's scarf”), an early borrowing, borrowed from Latin stola (“robe, vestment”), from Ancient Greek στολή (stolḗ, “equipment, clothing; a…

It is inherited from Old English strēaw (about 950), from *strāwą, cognate with Old Saxon and Old High German strō (German Stroh), Dutch stroo and Old Norse strá. It is related to Old English…

It is Middle English tale, inherited from Old English talu (“story, narrative; account; talk”), from Proto-Germanic *talō, which is also the source of Old Frisian tale (“number, speech”), Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English thong, also thwong and thwang, inherited from Old English þwang, also þwong, from Proto-Germanic *þwangiz. Its cognates include Old Norse þvengr (“thong…

1. The breast or teat is inherited from Middle English titte, also tit, inherited from Old English titt, also tit and tite, from Proto-Germanic *tittaz. Its cognates are Middle Dutch tette, Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English title, partly inherited from Old English titul (“superscription”) and partly borrowed from Old French title (“title or chapter of a book; position; legal…

It is inherited from Middle English whistlen, inherited from Old English hwistlian (“to whistle, utter a shrill sound”) (the noun from hwistle (“a whistling instrument”)), from Proto-Germanic…