English words first recorded in the 9th century

It is inherited from Middle English thre, inherited from Old English þrēo (“three (feminine and neuter)”), masculine þrī, from Proto-Germanic *þrijiz, from Proto-Indo-European *trei- (“three”). It…

1. The substance is inherited from Middle English wax, inherited from Old English weax, from Proto-Germanic *wahsam, cognate with Old Frisian wax, Old Saxon wahs, Dutch was, Old High German wahs…

1. The Eucharistic service is inherited from Middle English masse, messe, borrowed from Old English mæsse, messe, from Vulgar Latin *messa, an alteration of Late Latin missa (“dismissal”), the…

1. The unit is Middle English pound, punde, inherited from Old English pund, from Proto-Germanic *pundą, which also gave Gothic and Old Norse pund, Old High German phunt (German Pfund) and Dutch…

The verb is inherited from Middle English springen, inherited from Old English springan (“to leap, burst forth”), from Proto-Germanic *sprenganan, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *sprengʰ-…

It is inherited from Middle English arisen, inherited from Old English ārīsan (“to get up, rise, originate”), from Proto-Germanic *uz-rīsanan, cognate with Old Saxon ārīsan and Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle English berd, inherited from Old English beard (“beard”), from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, source also of Dutch baard and German Bart. Pokorny relates it to Old Church…

It is inherited from Old English cēace, cēce, cēoce, jaw, jawbone (before 830), from Proto-West Germanic *kaukōn, *kǣkōn, cognate with Middle Low German kāke and Dutch kaak, jaw; Etymonline calls it…

The noun is Middle English chele, chile, inherited from Old English ċiele (“cold, coolness, frost”) (Anglian cele), from Proto-Germanic *kaliz, related to cold, from PIE Proto-Indo-European *gel-…

It is inherited from Middle English cole, inherited from Old English col (“charcoal, live coal”), from Proto-Germanic *kula(n), the source also of Dutch kool, German Kohle and Old Norse kol…

It is inherited from Middle English dust, inherited from Old English dūst, from Proto-Germanic *dunstaz, the source also of German Dunst “mist, vapour”, Old High German tunst “storm, breath” and…

It is inherited from Middle English fader, inherited from Old English fæder, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *pəter- (“father”). Its Germanic cognates include Old Saxon fadar…

It is inherited from Middle English finger, inherited from Old English finger, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz, the source also of Dutch vinger, German Finger, Old Norse fingr and Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃…

It is inherited from Old English fox, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz (“fox”), the source also of Old Saxon vohs, Dutch vos, German Fuchs, Old Norse fóa and Gothic fauho, from Proto-Indo-European *puk-…

It is inherited from Old English gang (“a going, journey, way”), reinforced by Old Norse gangr (“a going; a group of men”), both from Proto-Germanic *gangaz. Old Saxon, Old High German and Dutch…

1. The gum of the mouth is inherited from Middle English gome, inherited from Old English gōma (“palate, inside of the mouth”), cognate with Old High German guomo (modern German Gaumen (“palate”))…

It is inherited from Middle English hei, inherited from Old English hēg (Anglian), also hīeg (West Saxon), from Proto-Germanic *haujam (“that which is cut or mown”), from the root of hēawan (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English heigh, hegh, hygh, inherited from Old English hēah (“of great height, lofty, exalted”), Anglian hēh, from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz. It is related to Dutch hoog…

It is inherited from Middle English hony, inherited from Old English hunig, recorded in the Vespasian Psalter before 830 and in the compound hunigsūge “honeysuckle” about 700, from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Old English hungor (“pain from lack of food; famine”), from Proto-Germanic *hungraz, cognate with Dutch honger, German Hunger, Old Norse hungr and Gothic hūhrus. Watkins derives…

It is inherited from Middle English kne, knee, inherited from Old English cnēo, cnēow, from Proto-Germanic *knewą, which also gave Old Saxon kneo, Dutch and German knie, Old Norse kné and Gothic…

It is inherited from Old English mihtig (“mighty, powerful”), earlier mæhtig, from Proto-Germanic *mahtiga-, formed from miht, might, and -ig, -y. Its cognates include Old Saxon mahtig, Dutch…

1. The tree is inherited from Old English palma, palm, borrowed from Latin palma (“palm tree; palm of the hand”), an early borrowing like Old Saxon palma, Old High German palma and Old Norse pálmr…

It is inherited from Old English ramm (“male sheep; battering ram”), earlier rom, a West Germanic word, with Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch and Old High German ram, of unknown origin. It is…

It is inherited from Middle English sond, sand, inherited from Old English sand, from Proto-Germanic *sandam, the source also of Dutch zand, German Sand and Old Norse sandr. It is related to Ancient…

It is inherited from Middle English sed, inherited from Old English sǣd (“that which is sown; a grain”) (Anglian sēd), from Proto-Germanic *sēdiz, from the root of sow. It is related to Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English scharp, inherited from Old English sċearp (“cutting, keen, pointed; shrewd; bitter”), from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz, literally “cutting”, the source also of Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English schep, inherited from Old English sċēap (“sheep”), also sċēp, sċǣp, from Proto-West Germanic *skāp, source also of Old Saxon scāp, Dutch schaap and German Schaf…

It is inherited from Middle English silver, inherited from Old English seolfor (“silver; silver coin, money”), Mercian sylfur, from Proto-Germanic *silubr, the source also of Old Saxon silubar…

It is inherited from Middle English sinne, inherited from Old English synn (“wrongdoing, offence, misdeed”), from Proto-Germanic *sundjō, which also gave Old Frisian sende, Old Saxon sundia, Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English snou, snaw, inherited from Old English snāw (“snow; a fall of snow, a snowstorm”), from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz, the source also of Old Saxon and Old High German…

It is inherited from Middle English sumer (also somer), inherited from Old English sumor, from Proto-Germanic *sumur-. Its cognates include Old Frisian sumur, Old Saxon sumar, Dutch zomer, German…

It is inherited from Middle English teme, inherited from Old English tēam (“childbearing; offspring, family; a set of draught animals”), from Proto-Germanic *taumaz, probably from *tauhmaz “that…

1. It is inherited from Middle English temple, inherited from Old English tempel, templ, borrowed from Latin templum (“piece of ground consecrated for taking the auspices; building for worship”)…

It is Middle English the, inherited from Old English þē (“thee”), the accusative and dative singular of þū, thou, from Proto-Germanic *þeke, source also of German dich, Old Norse þik and Gothic þuk…

It is inherited from Middle English whom, inherited from Old English hwām (“to whom”), a late variant of hwǣm, the dative of hwā (“who”) and hwæt “what”, from Proto-Germanic *hwam, from…

It is inherited from Middle English widewe, inherited from Old English widewe (“widow”), wuduwe, from Proto-Germanic *widuwō, cognate with Dutch weduwe, German Witwe and Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō), from…

It is inherited from Middle English beem, inherited from Old English bēam (“tree; piece of timber; ray”), from Proto-West Germanic *bauma, tree, source also of Old Frisian bām, Dutch boom and German…

It is inherited from Middle English fifte, later fyfthe, inherited from Old English fīfta, from Proto-Germanic *finftan-, from *fimf (“five”) and the ordinal suffix *-þô, from Proto-Indo-European…

1. The donkey is inherited from Middle English asse, inherited from Old English assa, masculine, probably borrowed from Old Irish asan, or from a related Celtic form such as Middle Welsh asen, from…

It is inherited from Middle English been, inherited from Old English bēon (“to be, exist, come to be, become, happen”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną, from Proto-Indo-European *bheuə- (“to be, exist…

It is inherited from Middle English bisshop, inherited from Old English biscop, bisceop, an early borrowing, like Old Saxon biscop and Old High German biscof, borrowed from Latin episcopus (“bishop…

1. It is inherited from Old English bucca (“male goat”) (before 830, in the Vespasian Psalter), from *bukkōn, cognate with Old Saxon buck, Dutch bok, German Bock and Old Norse bukkr. It is perhaps…

1. The load is Middle English burthen, burden, inherited from Old English byrþen (“load, weight, charge”), from Proto-West Germanic *burþinjō, from the root of beran (“to carry”) (see bear), cognate…

It is inherited from Middle English comen, earlier cumen, inherited from Old English cuman (“to come”), from Proto-Germanic *kwem-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to go, come”). Its cognates…

It is inherited from Middle English delven, inherited from Old English delfan (“to dig”), a strong verb with the past tense dealf and the past participle dolfen, inherited from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English dusi, also disi and dysy, inherited from Old English dysig (“foolish, stupid”), from Proto-West Germanic *dusīg (“stunned, dazed”). The OED calls it a common West…

1. The adverb is inherited from Middle English doun, inherited from Old English dūne, a shortened form of adūne, earlier ofdūne (“downwards”), originally a phrase meaning "off the hill": of (“from…

It is inherited from Middle English ech, elch, inherited from Old English ǣlc (“any, all, every, each”), short for ā-gelīc (“ever alike”), formed from Old English ā (“ever”) + gelīc (“alike”) (see…

It is inherited from Middle English flowen, inherited from Old English flōwan (“to flow, stream, issue; become liquid, melt; abound”), a strong verb, from Proto-Germanic *flowan (“to flow”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English fright, also firht, furht and freiht, inherited from Old English fryhto, a Northumbrian form with metathesis of fyrhtu (“fear, dread”). The Old English noun comes…

1. The word for bile is inherited from Middle English galle, inherited from Old English gealla, Anglian galla, inherited from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ. It is cognate with Old Saxon galla, Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English hand, inherited from Old English hand (also hond), from Proto-Germanic *handuz. Its relatives include Dutch hand, German Hand and Old Norse hǫnd. The word has no…

1. The steering gear is inherited from Middle English helme, inherited from Old English helma (“rudder, helm”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *helmô. It corresponds to Middle Low German helm…

It is inherited from Middle English holinesse, earlier halinesse, inherited from Old English hālignes, formed from Old English hālig + -nes, that is holy and -ness. The Middle English vowel follows…

It is inherited from Middle English ymne, also hympne, partly inherited from Old English ymen, also hymen, borrowed from Latin hymnus (“song of praise”), and partly borrowed from Old French ymne…

It is probably inherited from Old English leccan (“to water, moisten, irrigate”), which is from Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to cause to leak, moisten”), the causative of *lekaną (“to leak”), the…

It is inherited from Middle English mouthe, inherited from Old English mūþ (“mouth; opening, door”), from Proto-Germanic *munthaz, the source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian mūth, Dutch mond…

1. The animal is inherited from Middle English mule, partly inherited from Old English mūl and partly borrowed from Old French mul (feminine mule), both from Latin mūlus (feminine mūla). The Old…

1. The mesh is inherited from Middle English nett, inherited from Old English net (“net; snare; spider's web”), from Proto-Germanic *natją, perhaps originally “something knotted”, from…