Romanian words first recorded in the 15th century

It is inherited from Latin lucrum (“material gain, profit”) according to Pușcariu and the REW, a view Ciorănescu accepts as probable. The word exists in all four branches: Aromanian lucru…

It is inherited from Latin lūmen (“light”). It survives in all four branches: Aromanian lume, Megleno-Romanian lumi and Istro-Romanian lume. Its Romance cognates keep the sense “light” or “fire”…

Most dictionaries take it as a verb formed from Romanian lumină (“light”) within the language. Ciorănescu treats it as a derivative of the noun as well: its conjugation looks Romanian, and the /i/…

It is inherited from Latin lūna (“moon”). The DÉRom counts it among the words inherited from Proto-Romance. The Latin word is Old Latin losna, from Proto-Italic *louksnā, from Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Latin luctor (“to wrestle, struggle”), through the active form luctāre that Old Latin used beside the classical deponent. The Latin verb was first a term of athletics, “to…

It is formed from Romanian lupta (“to fight”) + -ător, as Tiktin, the DLR, the DEX and MDA2 derive it. The verb is from Latin luctor (“to wrestle”). Wiktionary instead takes the noun straight from…

It is inherited from Latin lutum (“mud, dirt, clay”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian lut, Megleno-Romanian lut and Istro-Romanian lut. Its Romance cognates include Italian loto…

It is probably inherited from Latin mamma (“breast; mother”). Ciorănescu calls it an expressive nursery word, built on the idea of food and the person who gives it, which is why it can mean both…

It is inherited from Latin manus (“hand”). Wiktionary and Pușcariu set up a Vulgar Latin *mana in between, with the feminine ending -a, and Pușcariu found it in Tuscan, southern Italian, Old…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *manucāre (“to eat”), a reduced form of Latin mandūcō (“to chew, eat”). Ciorănescu prefers this form to the *manicāre that Diez, Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu…

It is the long infinitive of mânca (“to eat”), formed from Romanian mânca + -re, and is used as a noun both for the act of eating and for food. The verb is from Vulgar Latin *manucō, a reduced form…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *manganeō (“to bewitch”), from Ancient Greek μαγγανεύω (manganeúō, “to use charms or philtres”), from μάγγανον (mánganon, “means of charming, philtre”). Ciorănescu…

DEX, Ciorănescu and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Latin mania (“madness”), a popular Latin word, which is from Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness, frenzy”). The Greek noun belongs with the…

It is inherited from Latin mergō (“to dip, plunge, sink”), with a change of meaning found only in Eastern Romance. The Latin verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to plunge, dip”). The verb…

It is inherited from Latin miser (“wretched, unfortunate”). Elsewhere in Romance the Latin adjective left only a few old forms, such as Old Lombard meser and Old French mezre, which did not last…

It is inherited from Latin meus (“my, mine”), with the feminine mea from mea. The regular outcome would have been ⟨mieu⟩, which lost its diphthong by analogy with the feminine ⟨mea⟩ according to…

It is inherited from Latin mīlia, the plural of mīlle (“thousand”). Wiktionary traces the Latin numeral to Proto-Indo-European *smih₂ǵʰéslih₂ (“one thousand”). The Latin plural, not the singular…

It is inherited from Latin agnellus (“little lamb”), a diminutive of agnus (“lamb”). The Latin word survives in all four branches of Romanian: Aromanian njel, Megleno-Romanian ńel and Istro-Romanian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *melem, a form of Latin mel (“honey”) with a final /-e/ and a change of gender. Ciorănescu, following Pușcariu, the REW and Candrea–Densusianu, explains the Vulgar…

1. The word for pity is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic милъ (milŭ), feminine мила (mila), “worthy of pity”. Ciorănescu cites Miklosich, Cihac, Berneker and Tiktin for it. The Slavonic adjective…

It is formed from Romanian minciună + -os, with the adjective suffix. The noun minciună “lie” is from Latin mentiō (“mention”), or a reduced Vulgar Latin *mentītiō. Compare Aromanian minciunos. The…

It is inherited from Late Latin mentiō (“lie”), a noun formed on mentior (“to lie”) and distinct from mentiō (“mention”). Ciorănescu and Pușcariu start from a form *mentītiō, later shortened…

It is inherited from Latin mentem (“mind”), the accusative of the Latin noun. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”). The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian…

It is inherited from Latin mīror (“to wonder, be amazed”), in the popular active form mirāre that replaced the deponent. The Latin verb is formed on mīrus (“astonishing, remarkable”). It survives in…

It is inherited from Latin misellus (“poor, wretched”), the diminutive of miser (“wretched”). The Latin adjective meant “poor, pitiable” in Cicero's letters and Catullus. Candrea and Densusianu take…

It is inherited from Latin mors (“death”), through its accusative. The Latin noun comes from Proto-Indo-European *mértis (“death”), from *mer- (“to die”), and is related to morior (“to die”). The…

It is inherited from Latin monumentum (“memorial, monument; tomb”), or its variant monimentum. The Latin noun is formed on moneō (“to remind”) with the suffix -mentum. The /r/ is explained by…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *mortus, from Latin mortuus (“dead”), the participle of morior (“to die”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós (“dead”), from *mer- (“to die”)…

It is inherited from Latin mulier (“woman”), from its oblique form mulierem. Ciorănescu cites Rosetti for the shift of stress. The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian muljari…

It is inherited from Latin mulgeō (“to milk”). DER and Wiktionary derive it from the popular infinitive of the third conjugation, *mulgĕre, which replaced the classical second-conjugation…

It is formed from Romanian mult (“much, many”) + -ime. Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the adjective, with the old variant mulție. The adjective continues Latin multus (“much, many”)…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мѫка (mǫka, “torment, torture”). The Old Church Slavonic word translated Ancient Greek βάσανος (básanos, “torment”) and κόλασις (kólasis, “punishment”), and…

It is inherited from Latin morior (“to die”). Romanian continues the fourth-conjugation infinitive ⟨morīrī⟩, which Plautus, Ennius and Terence use beside the classical ⟨morī⟩. The word survives in…

It is inherited from Latin musca (“fly”), a word inherited by the whole Romance family. De Vaan relates the Latin word to Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa, “fly”), Old Church Slavonic моуха (muxa) and…

It is inherited from Latin mūtō (“to change, to move”), continued across the Romance languages. It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian mut and Megleno-Romanian mut. The Romance cognates include…

It is inherited from Latin nāsus (“nose”). It survives as Megleno-Romanian nas and Istro-Romanian nǫs. In Aromanian the nose is nare, and the cognate only names the pointed tip of a sandal. Its…

It is inherited from Late Latin nāscere (“to be born”), the active form that replaced the classical deponent nāscor. The Latin verb goes back to Proto-Italic and to the root Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Latin nix (“snow”), from the accusative nivem. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *snígʷʰs (“snow”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian neao…

It is from Romanian ne- + bun (“good”): the negative prefix added to the adjective, so that its first meaning was “not good, bad”. bun is from Latin bonus (“good”). Șăineanu explained the shift to…

It is inherited from Latin nebula (“mist, fog”). The Latin noun goes back to *nebʰ-e-lo- (“small cloud”), with cognates such as Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”). The /g/ for Latin /b/ needs…

It is formed from Romanian ne- + vinovat, “not guilty”. Tiktin and Scriban give the same analysis. The base vinovat is itself from Old Church Slavonic виноватъ (vinovatŭ).

It is inherited from Latin neque (“and not, nor”). Old Romanian wrote it ⟨nece⟩, as Scriban and Șăineanu note. The Latin word is nē (“not”) with -que (“and”). It continues Proto-Indo-European *nékʷe…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nemīca (“nothing”), formed of ne- (“not”) and Latin mīca (“grain, crumb”). Its Romance cognates include Venetian nemiga, Old French nemie and Italian mica…

It is inherited from Latin nox (“night”), continuing the accusative ⟨noctem⟩. The Latin word goes back to Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”). The word survives in all four branches of Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin noster (“our”), feminine nostra. It survives in all four branches: Aromanian nostru, Megleno-Romanian nostru and Istro-Romanian nostru. Its Romance cognates include…

It is inherited from Latin novus (“new”), which comes from Proto-Indo-European *néwos (“new”). De Vaan lists cognates across Indo-European, among them Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Sanskrit नव (náva)…

It is a compound from Romanian nu (“not”) + mai (“more”), literally “no more (than)”, which became one word. DEX and the DLR give a second possibility, that Romanian inherited the phrase already…

It is inherited from Latin numerus (“number”). The verb număra “to count” may be a Romanian derivative of the noun or continue Latin numerō (“to count”) directly. The noun survives south of the…

It is inherited from Latin numerō (“to count”), a verb made on numerus (“number”). It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian numir and Megleno-Romanian numir. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian…

It is inherited from Latin nōmen (“name”), a word kept in nearly every Romance language. The Latin word comes from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). The word survives in all four branches…

It is inherited from Latin olla (“pot”). Pușcariu (no. 1212), Candrea–Densusianu (no. 1267) and the REW list it among the inherited words. The Latin word had an older form aula, the usual one in…

1. The word for "time, occasion" is inherited from Latin hōra (“hour, time”). Latin took it from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “season, time”). It has the cognates Aromanian oarã and Megleno-Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin hostis (“stranger, enemy”), in its accusative hostem. Pușcariu, Candrea and Densusianu and the REW give the same source. The Latin word first meant a stranger, then a…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus (“eye”). De Vaan traces the Latin word to a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”). It survives in all four branches…

It is inherited from Latin homō (“human being, man”); the plural continues hominēs. Pușcariu compares the plural with Italian uomini. De Vaan derives the Latin word from Proto-Indo-European…

1. The word for “need” is inherited from Latin opus (“work; need”), used above all in opus est (“it is needed”). Pușcariu and Candrea and Densusianu give the same etymon. Cihac gave the same etymon…

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic опрѣти (oprěti), borrowed with its reflexive опрѣти сѧ (oprěti sę). Șăineanu glossed the Slavonic verb “to support”. It is formed from the prefix о- (o-) and…

It is inherited from Latin octō (“eight”). The numeral survives in all four branches: Aromanian optu, Megleno-Romanian uopt and Istro-Romanian opt. Its Romance cognates include Dalmatian uapto…

It is inherited from Latin peccātum (“error, sin”). The Latin noun is the neuter past participle of peccō (“to err, sin”). The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian picat, Megleno-Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin pācem (“peace”), the accusative of the Latin noun. Wiktionary takes the Latin word from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-; de Vaan reconstructs *peh₂ḱ- (“agreement”), the root…