mânie

Forms

mânie f (plural mânii)^[1]

Etymology

DEX, Ciorănescu and Wiktionary take it as inherited from Latin mania (“madness”), a popular Latin word,^[2][3][1] which is from Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness, frenzy”).^[3][4] The Greek noun belongs with the verb μαίνομαι (maínomai, “to rage, be mad”).^[5] Ciorănescu, following Meyer and Philippide, compares Albanian mëni.^[3]

MDA2 and the DLR instead derive it from Modern Greek μανία (manía),^[6][7] and Tiktin gives only the Greek word.^[8] Șăineanu derived it from Byzantine Greek μανία (manía).^[9] The medieval Greek word also meant “great anger, hostility”.^[10]

manie “mania”, a borrowing of French manie, is its doublet.^[3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalm 6:1.^[11] Tiktin quotes the same verse from the Psaltirea Scheiană: „nice cu măniia ta pedepsi mere” “nor chasten me in thy wrath”.^[8] The first sense is the wrath of God.^[8][7]

Semantic evolution

Religious and legal texts of the 16th and 17th centuries use the word often: the Palia of 1581 has „În măniia sa omorîră pre om” “in their anger they slew a man”.^[7] The Slavonic–Romanian lexicons of the 17th century gloss Slavonic words for “anger” with it.^[12]

From the wrath of God came a popular sense “calamity, disaster”: mânia lui Dumnezeu is a terrible storm or a great misfortune, and mânia pământului a monstrous thing.^[8][2] MDA2 also records a lasting grudge, a ține mânie “to bear a grudge”.^[6] The verb mânia “to anger” and the adjective mânios “angry” derive from it.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 1500-1520 – mînia in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[11]
• c. 1573-1578 – măniia in the Psaltirea Scheiană.^[6][8]
• 1581 – măniia “anger” in the Palia.^[7]
• 1648 – mânie mare “great anger” in the New Testament of 1648.^[7]
• 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic “anger” with mînia.^[12]
• 1688 – mânia throughout the Bucharest Bible.^[13]

Meanings

Noun

1. anger, wrath: a violent but passing outburst of irritation against someone or something;^[2][6] iute la mânie “quick-tempered”.^[2][6]
2. A lasting grudge or hostility against someone.^[6][14]
3. (popular) A calamity, disaster, often in mânia lui Dumnezeu, mânia cerului or mânia pământului.^[2][8]

Word family

• mânia
• mânios

Related words

• manie
• Latin mania

Usage notes

A separate regional mânie “handle”, formed on mână with the suffix -ie, is recorded at Cărbunari-Moldova Nouă.^[6][7]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 634
3. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. mînie
4. ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 128
5. ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας, p. 872
6. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1471
7. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. mînie
8. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. mânie
9. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 381
10. ^ Kriaras, Emmanuel, Επιτομή του Λεξικού της μεσαιωνικής ελληνικής δημώδους γραμματείας 1100–1669, Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, https://www.greek-language.gr, p. s.v. μανία
11. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 6:1
12. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. mînia
13. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Genesis 27:44
14. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. mânie