Etymology and origin of the Romanian word mulțime
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin multus
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /mulˈt͡si.me/[1]
Forms
mulțime f (plural mulțimi)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian mult (“much, many”) + -ime.[2][3][4][5] Ciorănescu lists it among the derivatives of the adjective, with the old variant mulție.[6] The adjective continues Latin multus (“much, many”).[6] The same formation exists south of the Danube: Aromanian multimi.[7][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The oldest record is the articled form mulțimea in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalms 5:12 and 32:17.[8] MDA2 and Tiktin date it from the Codicele Voronețean, where it renders “multitude” in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 25:24).[4][5] A 17th-century manuscript asks God not to remember „mulțimea păcatelor meale” “the multitude of my sins”.[5]
Semantic evolution
The first sense is a large number or quantity, followed by a plural with de: the Pravila has „mulțime de oameni” “a crowd of people”, Neculce „mulțime de orânduieli” “a great many orders”.[2] Today the phrase usually takes the indefinite article, o mulțime de.[2] The 1688 Bible uses the word more than 160 times.[9] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons gloss Slavonic множество with it.[10]
From “great number” came “crowd, people gathered together”, and then “the masses, the common people”, which Scriban and Șăineanu glossed with gloată and prostime.[4][11][12] Obsolete senses included a majority of votes and, in grammar, numărul mulțimii “the plural number”.[4] In modern mathematics the word means a set, with terms such as mulțime vidă “empty set”.[3]
Ciorănescu derives the verb mulțumi “to thank” from mulțime through *mulțimi, against the generally accepted derivation from la mulți ani “many years”.[13]
Timeline
- c. 1500–1520 – mulțimea in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[8]
- c. 1563–1583 – mulțime in the Codicele Voronețean.[4][5]
- 1649 – Mardarie's lexicon glosses Slavonic “multitude” with it.[10]
- 1688 – frequent in the Bucharest Bible.[9]
- 1802 – the variant înmulțime in a document.[5]
- 1825 – the Lexicon de la Buda glosses it with Latin multitudo.[14]
Meanings
Noun
- A large number of beings or things; a great quantity: o mulțime de cărți “a lot of books”.[3][4]
- A crowd, many people gathered together; specifically, the broad masses of the population.[3][4]
- (mathematics) A set: a collection of objects, its elements, given by listing them or by a property only they share;[3][4] mulțime vidă “empty set”.[3][4]
Related words
- mult
- înmulți
- mulțumi
- Aromanian multimi
References
- ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. mulțime
- ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 682
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 75
- ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. mulțime
- ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. mult
- ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 679
- ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 5:12
- ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Facerea 16:10
- ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. mulțime
- ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 841
- ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 412
- ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. mulțumi
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 406
Cite this entry
“Mulțime.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/mul%C8%9Bime. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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