Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word nici

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, spelled nece More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin neque
Ultimate origin
Latin neque
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin neque
Aromanian nitsi
Romanian nici
Derivations
From the same root
Latin nequeō ← neque
Romanian nicicând ← neque

Pronunciation

Forms

nici[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin neque (“and not, nor”).[2][3][4][1] Old Romanian wrote it ⟨nece⟩, as Scriban and Șăineanu note.[5][6] The Latin word is nē (“not”) with -que (“and”).[7] It continues Proto-Indo-European *nékʷe (“and not, neither, nor”).[1]

It survives south of the Danube: Aromanian nitsi and Megleno-Romanian niți.[2][8][9] Its Romance cognates include French ni, Occitan ni, Catalan ni, Spanish ni and Portuguese nem.[2][10]

The compound niciun “no, none” continues the same word with ūnus (“one”).[2][4][11] It has parallels in Aromanian nițiun and Istro-Romanian niciur.[2][12] Other languages formed the same idea differently, as Italian nessuno and Spanish ningún.[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first records are in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, which writes nece in the first psalm and nice elsewhere.[13][14] MDA2 dates the word from the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583).[3] The modern spelling nici first appears in the Psaltirea Scheiană (c. 1573–1578).[15]

Semantic evolution

The word joined negative clauses, “neither … nor”, and strengthened a single negation, “not even”.[3][16] Old texts sometimes used it without nu;[17] DLRLC calls this old, regional and archaising.[17] MDA2 also records a rare old use linking a positive clause to a negative one.[3]

It formed adverbs that are now single words: niciodată “never”, nicicum “in no way”, niciunde “nowhere” and nicicând “never”.[2] Pisone's dictionary of 1865 already lists nici odată and nici unul.[18]

Timeline

  • early 16th century – nece and nice in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki.[13]
  • c. 1563–1583 – in the Codicele Voronețean, MDA2's first record.[3]
  • c. 1573–1578 – the spelling nici in the Psaltirea Scheiană.[15]
  • 1865 – nici odată “never” and nici unul “none” in Pisone's dictionary.[18]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. not even; it strengthens a negation, usually together with nu: Nici nu m-a salutat. “He didn't even say hello.”[16][1]
  2. In nici că “not at all”.[16]

Conjunction

  1. neither … nor; it joins negative clauses or parts of a negative clause: Nici nu citește, nici nu scrie. “He neither reads nor writes.”[16][1]
  2. In nici una, nici două “straight away, without warning”, and in nici tu … nici tu …, as in nici tu casă, nici tu masă “neither house nor table”, said of someone very poor.[16][19]

Word family

Usage notes

A separate regional noun nici means the hard front of a pig's snout.[20][3] It is used south of the Olt, was recorded in 1923, and is of unknown origin.[20][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. nici
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 153
  4. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 102
  5. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1, 872
  6. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 430
  7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  8. ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 743
  9. ^ Capidan, Theodor (1935), Meglenoromânii III: Dicționar meglenoromân, București: Academia Română, p. 207
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5868
  11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5896
  12. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 774
  13. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 1:5
  14. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 36:26
  15. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 77:26
  16. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 716
  17. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 209
  18. ^ a b Pisone, Domițian (1865), Dictionariu românescu, latinescu, germanescu și francescu, lucrat după sistemul Lexiconului de Buda, București: Typografia Ioann Weiss, p. 253
  19. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. nici
  20. ^ a b Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. nici

Related etymologies

  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
  • sta · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Nici.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/nici. Accessed 11 Nov. 2026.

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