deștinge

Forms

a deștinge (third-person singular present deștinge, past participle deștins, third-person subjunctive deștingă), 3rd conjugation^[1] The 16th-century psalters inflect it with ⟨g⟩ and a perfect in ⟨s⟩: present deștingu, perfect deștinse, imperative deștinge; the Psaltirea Scheiană also has forms in ⟨d⟩ such as deștindu.^[2] The variant deștinde is recorded beside it.^[3][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin dēscendō (“to come down, descend”), formed from dē- and scandō (“to climb”).^[3][4][1][5] Its Romance cognates include Italian descendere, French descendre and Spanish descender.^[3] The ⟨g⟩ instead of ⟨d⟩ follows the model of încinge “to catch fire”, from incendō, which took its ⟨g⟩ from its homonym “to gird”, and of linge and stinge, whose participles end in ⟨ns⟩ too.^[4]

The modern verb descinde is its learned doublet, with the senses of the French verb.^[3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first recorded in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century, at Psalm 48:18 and elsewhere, with the sense “to go down”.^[6] Coresi's psalter has „Doamne, pleacă ceriul și deștinge” “Lord, bow the heavens and come down” (Psalm 143:5).^[4]

Semantic evolution

The verb kept the one Latin sense, “to go down, descend”, and is typical of the religious texts of the 16th and 17th centuries.^[3][4] Coresi's psalter uses it of the dead: „Și într-îns cad toți ce deșting în pământ” “and before him fall all who go down into the earth” (Psalm 21).^[4] It then fell out of use, and the neologism descinde took over its place.^[3][1]

Timeline

• c. 1500–1520 – deștinge and deștingă in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.^[6]
• c. 1551–1558 – in the Psaltirea Voronețeană.^[7]
• 16th century – in the Codicele Voronețean, Acts 20:10.^[4]
• 1570 – in Coresi's psalter.^[8]
• c. 1573–1578 – in the Psaltirea Scheiană, with the perfect deștinse.^[9][2]
• 1589 – still in Coresi's psalter of that year.^[10]
• c. 1800–1812 – the variant deștinde in Budai-Deleanu's Țiganiada.^[1]

Meanings

Verb

1. (obsolete, intransitive) To descend, to go or come down.^[3][4][1]

Related words

• descinde
• Latin dēscendō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A. (1916), Psaltirea Scheiană comparată cu celelalte psaltiri din sec. XVI și XVII traduse din slavonește, vol. II: Glosarele, București: Socec, p. 282
3. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. deștinge
4. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. deștinge
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. ^ a b Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 48:18
7. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 132:2
8. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 143:6
9. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 7:17
10. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 138:7