Etymology and origin of the Romanian word deșert
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin desertus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin dēserō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /deˈʃert/[1]
Forms
deșert m or n (feminine singular deșartă, masculine plural deșerți, feminine/neuter plural deșarte)[1] The Moldavian feminine plural is deșerte, the Muntenian deșarte; the noun has the plural deșerturi.[2][1] An old regional form is deșărt: „Aflară mormântul deșărt” “they found the tomb empty”.[3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin dēsertus (“abandoned, deserted”), the past participle of dēserō (“to abandon”), first “to detach”, a compound of serō (“to join, string together”).[4][5][3][2][6][1] The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian dișertu, Megleno-Romanian dișǫrt and Istro-Romanian deșǫrt.[5][7][8] Its Romance cognates include French désert, Catalan desert, Spanish desierto and Portuguese deserto.[9][6]
The noun sense “desert, arid region” came with the French cognate, which DELR names as its model.[4] The DEX and the DLR derive this noun from Latin dēsertum and the French word, MDN from the same two, and DN from the Latin with French as a parallel.[10][11][12][13] Wiktionary treats the noun as the adjective used as a noun, with the sense possibly based partly on the French.[1] DELR records one word, adjective and noun.[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.[4][14][15] The Palia de la Orăștie of 1581 uses it of an empty well: „o fântână veache, carea era deșartă și fără apă” “an old well, which was empty and without water”.[3]
Semantic evolution
In the old language the adjective meant “empty” and “lacking”, and these led to “vain, futile”.[4][2] The phrase în deșert “in vain” is in the Bucharest Bible: „De nu va Domnul zidi casa, în deșărt au ostenit cei ce zidesc” “unless the Lord builds the house, they labour in vain who build it”.[2] DELR lists old senses now lost: of trees “hollow”, of flowers “sterile”, of people “shallow, vain”.[4] Cu deșert meant “empty-handed”, and meeting someone who carried empty water pails was a bad omen.[2]
As a noun the word named the hollow flank of an animal between the last rib and the hip, a sense still alive in popular speech.[4][10][2] The sense “desert” appears in the 19th century: a text of 1829 speaks of „deșerturile Cârgăjilor” “the deserts of the Kirghiz”.[11] Negulici's dictionary of new words (1848) has desert and glosses it pustie.[16] A variant dezert was taken directly from French in 1852.[4]
Timeline
- c. 1500–1520 – the adjective in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[4][14]
- c. 1500–1520 – the verb deșerta “to empty”.[4]
- 1559–1560 – deșerție “vanity; loss”.[4]
- 1581 – deșartă “empty” of a well in the Palia de la Orăștie.[3]
- before 1633 – deșertăciune “vanity”.[4]
- 1688 – în deșărt “in vain” in the Bucharest Bible.[2]
- 1829 – deșerturi “deserts”.[11]
- 1852 – the French-based variant dezert.[4]
- 1909–1910 – deșertic “of the desert”.[4]
- 1977 – deșertificare “desertification”.[4]
Meanings
Adjective
- empty: containing nothing.[10][14][1]
- Of land: without life or vegetation; desolate, uninhabited.[10][1]
- (figurative) Groundless, deceptive.[10]
- (figurative) Fruitless, vain, futile.[10][14]
Noun
- An empty space, emptiness;[10] în deșert “into the void” or “in vain”.[10]
- A desert: a dry region with very little rain, life or population.[10][1]
- (church language) In a lua în deșert: to take in vain, to slight.[10]
- (popular) The hollow flank of an animal between the last rib and the hip.[10][2]
Word family
- deșerta
- deșertăciune
- deșertic
- deșertifica
Related words
Usage notes
A lua (numele lui Dumnezeu) în deșert is “to take (the Lord's name) in vain”.[10] The adjective and the noun have different plurals: deșerți, deșarte and deșerturi.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. deșert
- ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deșert
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. deșert
- ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. deșert
- ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 45
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 403
- ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 218
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2592
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 302
- ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deșert²
- ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. deșert
- ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. deșert
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 679
- ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 5:10
- ^ Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. desert
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Deșert.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/de%C8%99ert. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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