Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word deșert

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
c. 1500–1520 Psaltirea Hurmuzaki More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin desertus
Ultimate origin
Latin dēserō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin sērus
Latin sērō
French soir
Latin dēserō
Latin dēsertus
Romanian deșert
Spanish desierto
French désert
Italian deserto
From the same root
Latin asserō ← sērō
Latin cōnserō ← sērō
Latin disserō ← sērō
Latin exserō ← sērō
Latin īnserō ← sērō
Latin obserō ← sērō
Latin praesertim ← sērō
Latin satiō ← sērō
Latin sator ← sērō
Latin sēra ← sērō
Latin seriēs ← sērō
Latin sērōtinus ← sērō
French bonsoir ← soir
French soirée ← soir
Latin dēsertō ← dēserō
Latin dēsertor ← dēserō
Romanian deșerta ← dēsertus

Pronunciation

Forms

deșert m or n (feminine singular deșartă, masculine plural deșerți, feminine/neuter plural deșarte)[1] The Moldavian feminine plural is deșerte, the Muntenian deșarte; the noun has the plural deșerturi.[2][1] An old regional form is deșărt: „Aflară mormântul deșărt” “they found the tomb empty”.[3]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin dēsertus (“abandoned, deserted”), the past participle of dēserō (“to abandon”), first “to detach”, a compound of serō (“to join, string together”).[4][5][3][2][6][1] The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian dișertu, Megleno-Romanian dișǫrt and Istro-Romanian deșǫrt.[5][7][8] Its Romance cognates include French désert, Catalan desert, Spanish desierto and Portuguese deserto.[9][6]

The noun sense “desert, arid region” came with the French cognate, which DELR names as its model.[4] The DEX and the DLR derive this noun from Latin dēsertum and the French word, MDN from the same two, and DN from the Latin with French as a parallel.[10][11][12][13] Wiktionary treats the noun as the adjective used as a noun, with the sense possibly based partly on the French.[1] DELR records one word, adjective and noun.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.[4][14][15] The Palia de la Orăștie of 1581 uses it of an empty well: „o fântână veache, carea era deșartă și fără apă” “an old well, which was empty and without water”.[3]

Semantic evolution

In the old language the adjective meant “empty” and “lacking”, and these led to “vain, futile”.[4][2] The phrase în deșert “in vain” is in the Bucharest Bible: „De nu va Domnul zidi casa, în deșărt au ostenit cei ce zidesc” “unless the Lord builds the house, they labour in vain who build it”.[2] DELR lists old senses now lost: of trees “hollow”, of flowers “sterile”, of people “shallow, vain”.[4] Cu deșert meant “empty-handed”, and meeting someone who carried empty water pails was a bad omen.[2]

As a noun the word named the hollow flank of an animal between the last rib and the hip, a sense still alive in popular speech.[4][10][2] The sense “desert” appears in the 19th century: a text of 1829 speaks of „deșerturile Cârgăjilor” “the deserts of the Kirghiz”.[11] Negulici's dictionary of new words (1848) has desert and glosses it pustie.[16] A variant dezert was taken directly from French in 1852.[4]

Timeline

  • c. 1500–1520 – the adjective in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki, the first record.[4][14]
  • c. 1500–1520 – the verb deșerta “to empty”.[4]
  • 1559–1560 – deșerție “vanity; loss”.[4]
  • 1581 – deșartă “empty” of a well in the Palia de la Orăștie.[3]
  • before 1633 – deșertăciune “vanity”.[4]
  • 1688 – în deșărt “in vain” in the Bucharest Bible.[2]
  • 1829 – deșerturi “deserts”.[11]
  • 1852 – the French-based variant dezert.[4]
  • 1909–1910 – deșertic “of the desert”.[4]
  • 1977 – deșertificare “desertification”.[4]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. empty: containing nothing.[10][14][1]
  2. Of land: without life or vegetation; desolate, uninhabited.[10][1]
  3. (figurative) Groundless, deceptive.[10]
  4. (figurative) Fruitless, vain, futile.[10][14]

Noun

  1. An empty space, emptiness;[10] în deșert “into the void” or “in vain”.[10]
  2. A desert: a dry region with very little rain, life or population.[10][1]
  3. (church language) In a lua în deșert: to take in vain, to slight.[10]
  4. (popular) The hollow flank of an animal between the last rib and the hip.[10][2]

Word family

  • deșerta
  • deșertăciune
  • deșertic
  • deșertifica

Usage notes

A lua (numele lui Dumnezeu) în deșert is “to take (the Lord's name) in vain”.[10] The adjective and the noun have different plurals: deșerți, deșarte and deșerturi.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. deșert
  3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deșert
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. deșert
  5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. deșert
  6. ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 45
  7. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 403
  8. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 218
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 2592
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 302
  11. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. deșert²
  12. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. deșert
  13. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. deșert
  14. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 679
  15. ^ Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Ungureanu, Mădălina; Moruz, Alexandru et al., roPsalt: Re-evaluating the Sixteenth Century Romanian Psalters (aligned corpus), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. Ps 5:10
  16. ^ Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. desert

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Deșert.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/de%C8%99ert. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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