Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ghindă
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1459 a document cited by Tiktin More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin glans
- Ultimate origin
- Latin glans
Derivations
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /ˈɡin.də/[1]
Forms
ghindă f (plural ghinde)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin glāns (“acorn”), probably through *glanda, with a change of declension.[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu follows Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the DA in this, but thinks a start from the accusative glandem also possible, given the old and regional form ghinde.[2] DEX 2009, Tiktin and the DLRM give the Latin noun alone.[6][7][8]
The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian gljindã, Megleno-Romanian gľindă and Istro-Romanian glʼinde.[2][9][10][11][12] Its Romance cognates include Italian ghianda, French gland, Occitan glan and Portuguese lande.[5][13] Ciorănescu, after Philippide, compares the Albanian word for acorn, Albanian lëndë, which de Vaan considers a possible cognate of the Latin.[2][14] The Latin noun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”), like Ancient Greek βάλανος (bálanos).[1][14]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to 1459, and the personal name Ghinda to about 1486.[7] In Romanian texts the old form ghinde appears in a glossary of about 1600, and MDA2's first record is a document of 1607 that thanks God for a year of mast: „Au dăruit Domnul Dumnedzău jir, fag sau ghende” “the Lord God has given beechnuts, beech mast or acorns”.[7][4][3]
Semantic evolution
The core sense is the fruit of the oak and of related trees, often as a collective: pigs feed on acorns.[3][7] From the shape of the card symbol it became the name of the suit of clubs in playing cards, in Alecsandri and Caragiale.[3][7] Regionally the plural also names the tonsils.[4] An ironic phrase, fecior de ghindă (fătat în tindă), literally a son of an acorn born in the hall, mocks an uncouth person, or a commoner with airs, as in Creangă.[15][3][16] The word also gave surnames such as Ghindă and Ghindea.[17][18]
Timeline
- 1459 – the first record cited by Tiktin.[7]
- c. 1486 – the personal name Ghinda.[7]
- c. 1600 – ghinde in a glossary.[7][3]
- 1607 – ghende in a document published by Iorga.[4][3]
- 1649 – ghinde in Mardarie's lexicon, glossing Slavonic words for acorn.[19]
- 1688 – ghindă in the Bucharest Bible (Isaiah 44:14), which also has the old genitive ghindii.[20][7]
- 1801 – ghinde in Klein's dictionary.[21]
Meanings
Noun
- acorn: the fruit of the oak or of related trees.[6][4][1]
- (card games) clubs, one of the four suits.[6][4][1]
- (regional, plural) the tonsils.[4]
Word family
- ghindar
- ghindoc
- ghindos
Related words
Usage notes
The plural is ghinde in DEX 2009;[6][4][3] MDA2 and the DA give ghinzi as well, with ghinde as the old plural.[6][4][3] Craiul de ghindă is the king of clubs.[16][15]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ghindă
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ghindă
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 993
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3778
- ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 438
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ghindă
- ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ghindă
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 496
- ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 203
- ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. glʼínde
- ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 112
- ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. ghianda
- ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 379
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 554
- ^ Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ghindă
- ^ Iordan, Iorgu (1983), Dicționar al numelor de familie românești, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 221
- ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ghinde
- ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Isaiah 44:14
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 366
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Ghindă.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ghind%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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