Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ghindă

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1459 a document cited by Tiktin More words from the 15th century
Inherited from
Latin glans
Ultimate origin
Latin glans
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin glāns
Romanian ghindă
English glans
Derivations
From the same root
Latin glandula ← glāns

Pronunciation

  • /ˈɡin.də/[1]

Forms

ghindă f (plural ghinde)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin glāns (“acorn”), probably through *glanda, with a change of declension.[2][3][4][5][1] Ciorănescu follows Pușcariu, Candrea–Densusianu, the REW and the DA in this, but thinks a start from the accusative glandem also possible, given the old and regional form ghinde.[2] DEX 2009, Tiktin and the DLRM give the Latin noun alone.[6][7][8]

The word survives in all four branches: Aromanian gljindã, Megleno-Romanian gľindă and Istro-Romanian glʼinde.[2][9][10][11][12] Its Romance cognates include Italian ghianda, French gland, Occitan glan and Portuguese lande.[5][13] Ciorănescu, after Philippide, compares the Albanian word for acorn, Albanian lëndë, which de Vaan considers a possible cognate of the Latin.[2][14] The Latin noun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”), like Ancient Greek βάλανος (bálanos).[1][14]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1459, and the personal name Ghinda to about 1486.[7] In Romanian texts the old form ghinde appears in a glossary of about 1600, and MDA2's first record is a document of 1607 that thanks God for a year of mast: „Au dăruit Domnul Dumnedzău jir, fag sau ghende” “the Lord God has given beechnuts, beech mast or acorns”.[7][4][3]

Semantic evolution

The core sense is the fruit of the oak and of related trees, often as a collective: pigs feed on acorns.[3][7] From the shape of the card symbol it became the name of the suit of clubs in playing cards, in Alecsandri and Caragiale.[3][7] Regionally the plural also names the tonsils.[4] An ironic phrase, fecior de ghindă (fătat în tindă), literally a son of an acorn born in the hall, mocks an uncouth person, or a commoner with airs, as in Creangă.[15][3][16] The word also gave surnames such as Ghindă and Ghindea.[17][18]

Timeline

  • 1459 – the first record cited by Tiktin.[7]
  • c. 1486 – the personal name Ghinda.[7]
  • c. 1600 – ghinde in a glossary.[7][3]
  • 1607 – ghende in a document published by Iorga.[4][3]
  • 1649 – ghinde in Mardarie's lexicon, glossing Slavonic words for acorn.[19]
  • 1688 – ghindă in the Bucharest Bible (Isaiah 44:14), which also has the old genitive ghindii.[20][7]
  • 1801 – ghinde in Klein's dictionary.[21]

Meanings

Noun

  1. acorn: the fruit of the oak or of related trees.[6][4][1]
  2. (card games) clubs, one of the four suits.[6][4][1]
  3. (regional, plural) the tonsils.[4]

Word family

Usage notes

The plural is ghinde in DEX 2009;[6][4][3] MDA2 and the DA give ghinzi as well, with ghinde as the old plural.[6][4][3] Craiul de ghindă is the king of clubs.[16][15]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ghindă
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ghindă
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 993
  5. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3778
  6. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 438
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ghindă
  8. ^ Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ghindă
  9. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 496
  10. ^ Saramandu, Nicolae (coord.) et al. (2010–), Dicționarul dialectului meglenoromân, general și etimologic, fascicles in Fonetică și dialectologie XXIX–, p. 203
  11. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula, p. s.v. glʼínde
  12. ^ Popovici, Iosif (1909), Dialectele romîne din Istria II: texte și glosar, Halle a. S., p. 112
  13. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. ghianda
  14. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  15. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 379
  16. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 554
  17. ^ Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ghindă
  18. ^ Iordan, Iorgu (1983), Dicționar al numelor de familie românești, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 221
  19. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ghinde
  20. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Isaiah 44:14
  21. ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 366

Related etymologies

  • apă · also from Latin
  • bun · also from Latin
  • unde · also from Latin
  • veni · also from Latin
  • noi · also from Latin
  • bine · also from Latin
  • un · also from Latin
  • și · also from Latin
Cite this entry

“Ghindă.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/ghind%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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