păți

Forms

păți (third-person singular present pățește or (archaic or regional) pate, past participle pățit) 4th conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *patīre (“to suffer”), the fourth-conjugation form that replaced the deponent verb of Classical Latin, patior (“to undergo, suffer”).^{[2][3][4][1][5][6]} De Vaan finds the origin of the Latin verb unclear: a link with Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma, “suffering”) or with Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”) has been suggested.^[7]

The verb survives in Aromanian pat, which means “to suffer” and “to happen to”.^[2][8] The Romance cognates include Italian patire, Spanish padecer and Portuguese padecer.^[2][5] Ciorănescu reports, after Miklosich, that a Bulgarian verb of Transylvania was borrowed from Romanian.^[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record dates from about 1470.^[9] MDA2's is Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură of 1581.^[3] The Bucharest Bible of 1688 has the old sense “to suffer”: „trebuie fiului omenesc multe a păți” “the Son of Man must suffer many things” (Mark 8:31).^[9]

Semantic evolution

The old sense was to suffer or endure, pain or hardship: a 1646 law book speaks of the punishment a thief has suffered.^[9] It is now old and popular.^[10] The current sense, to have something (usually unpleasant) happen to one, grew from it.^[10][3] Ce-ai pățit? asks what happened to someone, a o păți is to get into trouble, and a fi pățit multe is to have been through a lot, to have experience.^[9][10] The noun pățanie “mishap, adventure” is a Romanian derivative.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 1470 – the first record.^[9]
• 1581 – in Coresi's Evanghelie cu învățătură.^[3]
• 1646 – pățit “suffered” in the law book of Iași.^[9]
• 1688 – „multe a păți” “to suffer many things” in the Bucharest Bible (Mark 8:31).^[9]

Meanings

Verb

1. To have something unpleasant or unexpected happen to one;^[10][3][1] a o păți “to get into trouble”.^[10][3][1]
2. (old and popular) To suffer, endure.^[10][1]

Word family

• pățanie
• pătăranie
• pățeală
• pățit

Related words

• pacient
• pasiune
• Latin patior

Usage notes

The present is pățesc; popular speech also has pat, pate (third person).^[10][3][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. păți
3. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 315
4. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. păți
5. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 6294
6. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Densusianu, Ov. (1907–1914), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române: elementele latine (A–Putea), București, p. no. 1359
7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 820
9. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. păți
10. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 791