transformare

Forms

transformare f (plural transformări)^[1] MDA2 records an old variant strafformare.^[2]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of transforma (“to transform”), formed from Romanian transforma + -re, and used as a noun.^[3][2][4][1] The verb, recorded from the same year, is from French transformer and trānsfōrmō.^[2][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Gherasim Gorjan's Halima (1835), the Romanian version of the Arabian Nights, in the sense of a change from one state into another: „să se amăgească de transformările tale?” “to be deceived by your transformations?”.^[6][2][4]

Semantic evolution

Kogălniceanu used it for social and political change: „în mijlocul transformării noastre naționale și politice” “in the midst of our national and political transformation”.^[6][7] Specialised senses followed in mathematics (the construction of an equivalent figure or value), physics and chemistry (the states a system passes through), and in rugby, where it is the kick awarded after a try;^[2][8][9] Dimitrescu dates the rugby sense from 1986.^[2][8][9] An older synonym was transformație.^[2][3]

Timeline

• 1835 – transformările in Gorjan's Halima, the first record.^[6][2][4]
• 1862 – in Pontbriant's dictionary, glossed with French transformation, métamorphose.^[10]
• 1986 – the rugby sense, in the newspaper România liberă.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. transformation: the act of transforming or being transformed, a change from one state or form to another.^[3][2]
2. A change of character or behaviour.^[2]
3. (mathematics) A correspondence or mapping between two sets of points; the construction of an equivalent figure or value.^[2][8]
4. (physics, chemistry) The series of states a physical or chemical system passes through when one of its quantities changes.^[8]
5. (rugby) The kick awarded to a team after it has scored a try; a conversion.^[9][8]

Related words

• transforma
• transformator
• transformație
• French transformation

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1255
3. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1137
4. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. transformare
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. transforma
6. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. transformare
7. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 472
8. ^ a b c d e Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. transformare
9. ^ a b c d Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. transformare
10. ^ Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 747