transport

Forms

transport n (plural transporturi)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French transport.^[2][3][1] MDA2, the DLR, NODEX and Marcu name German Transport as a second source, and Tiktin adds Italian trasporto.^{[4][5][6][7][8]} The French noun is a deverbal of Old French transporter, which comes from Latin trānsportō (“to carry across”), formed from trāns- (“across”) and portō (“to carry”).^[1][9] The German word was itself taken from French, with Italian influence in the language of commerce.^[10][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is in Ion Neculce's chronicle, which he dates 1765.^[8] MDA2 dates the word to Dinicu Golescu's travel notes of 1824, where horses rather than oxen are said to be used for field work and for transporturi “haulage”.^[4][5]

Semantic evolution

In the first half of the 19th century the word meant the carrying of goods or people; the Lexicon de la Buda of 1825 glosses transportu with Latin commeātus, a convoy of soldiers or boats.^[11][5] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 adds a figurative sense, a passionate impulse of the soul, enthusiasm, a passing delirium, modelled on French usage.^[12] Costinescu in 1870 also records two legal senses, the visit of an official to the scene of a dispute or crime and the transfer of a right, and the bookkeeping sense of a sum carried over to the next page.^[13] Most of these were dated by Scriban's and Șăineanu's time, except the figurative “rapture” and the plain sense.^[14][15]

In the 20th century the plural transporturi came to name a branch of the economy.^[16][2] The verb transporta is a separate borrowing of the French verb.^[14]

Timeline

• 1765 – first record, in Ion Neculce's chronicle, by Tiktin's date.^[8]
• 1824 – transporturi “haulage” in Dinicu Golescu's travel notes.^[4][5]
• 1825 – transportu, glossed “convoy”, in the Lexicon de la Buda.^[11]
• 1848 – the figurative sense “passionate impulse, enthusiasm” in Negulici.^[12]
• 1870 – the legal senses “visit of an official to the scene” and “transfer of a right” in Costinescu.^[13]
• 1950s – the plural transporturi as a branch of the economy.^[16]

Meanings

Noun

1. The carriage of goods or people from one place to another; in the plural, the branch of the economy that moves goods and passengers by road, air and water.^[2][4]
2. A consignment: the goods or people carried together at one time: un transport de cereale “a shipment of grain”.^[2][6]
3. (figurative, literary) rapture: a state of self-forgetfulness caused by emotion, enthusiasm or delight.^[2][3]
4. (printing) The transfer of an image from one printing form to another, as from a block to the lithographic stone.^[3]

Related words

• transporta
• French transport

Usage notes

The phrase de transport means “used for carrying”: mijloace de transport “means of transport”.^[16] MDA2 records many regional variants, such as ștrapor, ștrămpor and trașpont, and the regional phrase nu sunt de ștraportul tău “I am not at your disposal”.^[4]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1139
3. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. transport
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1257
5. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. transport
6. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. transport
7. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. transport
8. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. transport
9. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
10. ^ Pfeifer, Wolfgang, et al. (1993), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen, 2nd ed., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; digital revised version in the DWDS, dwds.de
11. ^ a b Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 717
12. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. transport
13. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 634
14. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1339
15. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 663
16. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 474