formare

Forms

formare f (plural formări)^[1]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of the verb “to form”, formed from Romanian forma + -re, a verbal noun of action and its result.^[2][3][4][1] The verb is borrowed from former and fōrmō, as DEX and MDA2 give it;^[4][2][3] Tiktin traces it to Latin fōrma (“form, shape”), reached through more than one channel.^[4][2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1683, in Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints, in the sense “forming, shaping”; the verb forma appears in Dosoftei's liturgy of 1679.^[3][5]

Semantic evolution

In the 19th-century dictionaries formare covers forming, creation and production, and also instruction and education, formarea duhului “the shaping of the mind”.^[6][7][8] The educational sense, “training, preparation”, remains one of the main ones.^[4][9] The 20th century added technical senses: in foundry work, making and assembling the parts and cores of a mould, and in weaving, formarea rostului, the raising and lowering of part of the warp threads;^[4] MDA2's first record is a weaving treatise of 1948.^[4][2] The Dicționarul de neologisme adds senses in paper-making and in the making of shoes and clothes.^[10]

Timeline

• 1679 – the verb forma in Dosoftei's liturgy.^[5]
• 1683 – first record of formare, in Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints.^[3]
• 1862 – Pontbriant glosses it in French as “formation, creation, production” and “education”.^[6]
• 1948 – the weaving term formarea rostului, MDA2's first record.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. The action of forming or of being formed, and its result: formation, creation, coming into being.^[4][9]
2. training, preparation, education: formarea tinerilor specialiști.^[4][2]
3. (foundry) The making and assembling of the parts and cores of a casting mould.^[4]
4. (weaving) Formarea rostului: the raising and lowering of part of the warp threads to open the shed.^[2]

Related words

• forma
• formă
• formație

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 930
3. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. formare
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 406
5. ^ a b Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. forma
6. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 271
7. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați), p. 106
8. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 236
9. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 317
10. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. formare