ingredient

Forms

ingredient n (plural ingrediente)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French ingrédient.^[2][1][3][4] MDA2 and DN add Italian ingrediente, and Marcu and NODEX add Latin, as the dictionaries of neologisms often do.^[5][6][7][8] Scriban derives it from Latin alone.^[9]

The French word, recorded from 1508 in the language of the apothecaries, is a borrowing of Latin ingrediēns, the present participle of ingredior (“to go into, enter”), formed of in- and gradior (“to walk”).^[10] Negulici in 1848 already explained it from the Latin verb “I enter”.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Negulici's dictionary of neologisms (1848) has it as everything that goes into a mixture: the make-up of a remedy, a medicine or a dressing.^[11] MDA2's first record is from Codru-Drăgușanu.^[5]

Semantic evolution

The word belonged first to pharmacy and cooking, and the 19th-century dictionaries define it by remedies, drinks and dishes.^[12][3] Pontbriant recorded a form ingrediint, and MDA2 has the old plural ingrediinte.^[3][5] Beside it, ingrediență came from German Ingredienz, mainly in Transylvania and Bukovina.^[3]

A figurative use, anything that goes into a result, is quoted from Hasdeu and Ibrăileanu.^[3][13][7] The press compound ingredient-cheie “key ingredient” was recorded in 2007.^[14]

Timeline

• 1848 – Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[11]
• 1862 – the variant ingrediint in Pontbriant.^[3]
• 1870 – Costinescu defines it by remedies, medicines and cooking.^[12]
• 1893 – Damé, with the plural ingrediente.^[15]
• 2007 – ingredient-cheie in the press.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. A substance that goes into a medicine, a food or another product as an accessory, to give it some quality or as a filler.^[2][5]
2. A condiment or spice.^[5]
3. (figurative) Something that contributes to a result: Răbdarea e un ingredient al succesului.^[7][13]

Related words

• ingrediență
• agresiune
• grad

Usage notes

The ending is pronounced in two syllables, -di-ent.^[2]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 508
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ingredient
4. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. 1
5. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1138
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. ingredient
7. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. ingredient
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ingredient
9. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 642
10. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
11. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. ingredient
12. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 548
13. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 518
14. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. ingredient
15. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. 1