Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ființă

Confidence
Disputed
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1642 the Cazania of Govora More words from the 17th century
Ultimate origin
Latin fiō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin sum
Aromanian hiu
French soit
Italian essere
Romanian fi
Romanian ființă
Spanish ser
From the same root
Latin absum ← sum
Latin adsum ← sum
Latin dēsum ← sum
Latin ēns ← sum
Latin forsit ← sum
Latin forsitan ← sum
Latin futūrus ← sum
Latin īnsum ← sum
Latin intersum ← sum
Latin obsum ← sum
Latin possum ← sum
Latin praesum ← sum
Latin prōsum ← sum
Latin subsum ← sum
Latin supersum ← sum
Spanish interés ← sum

Pronunciation

  • /fiˈin.t͡sə/[1]

Forms

ființă f (plural ființe)[1] A regional form is hiință: „că ghita, hiara sălbatică, pasărea … tot hiințe sunt ca și omu” “for the whale, the wild beast, the bird … are all beings, like man”.[2][3]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian fi + -ință, from the verb “to be”.[4][3][1] Ciorănescu bases it on the gerund ⟨fiind⟩, with the suffix as in ușurință, cuviință and cerință.[5]

Pușcariu and the DA derive it instead from a popular Vulgar Latin *fientia, made on Latin fiō (“to become”) after essentia (“being, essence”) when sum (“to be”) had taken the infinitive ⟨fieri⟩.[6][7][1] Ciorănescu calls this plausible but unnecessary;[5][8][9] DLRM and NODEX follow the Latin derivation.[5][8][9] The verb itself continues the Latin verb “to be”, whose infinitive ⟨esse⟩ was replaced by ⟨fierī⟩.[5] The same word is Aromanian hiintsã, with the same two explanations.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is the Cazania of Govora of 1642.[2] A manuscript of 1654 has the sense “existence”: God „ne-au scos din întunerec la lumină și din neființă la ființă” “has brought us out of darkness into light and out of non-being into being”.[7][3]

Semantic evolution

The old sense was abstract: existence, being, and the nature or essence of a thing.[7][2] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons use it to gloss the Slavonic terms for “essence, substance”, among them the one for the consubstantiality of the Trinity.[10] Phrases such as a avea ființă “to exist”, a fi în ființă “to be still in existence” and a da ființă “to bring into being” come from this sense.[7][4]

From about 1700 it also named a living being, as opposed to a thing, and so a person.[2][4] Two old senses have dropped out: “presence”, still used by Negruzzi (în ființa guvernatorului “in the governor's presence”), and Dosoftei's “property, possessions”.[2][3] Modern philosophy uses it for “being” as the object of metaphysics.[4]

Timeline

  • 1642 – first record, in the Cazania of Govora.[2]
  • 1654 – din neființă la ființă “from non-being into being” in a manuscript.[7][3]
  • c. 1660 – in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon, glossing the Slavonic words for “essence”.[10]
  • 1682–1686 – “property, possessions” in Dosoftei's lives of the saints.[2]
  • 1688 – a avea ființa “to have one's being” in the Bucharest Bible.[7]
  • 1702 – ființele și lucrurile “beings and things”: the sense “living being”.[2]
  • 1825 – the Lexicon of Buda glosses it Latin existentia, substantia, essentia and ens.[11]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A living being, everything that has life; a creature.[4][1]
  2. (specifically) A human being, a person.[4][3]
  3. Existence; life.[4] În ființă means “existing” or “in reality”, and a da ființă “to give life to; to bring about”.[4][9]
  4. (philosophy) Being as the most general property of all reality, the object of metaphysics.[4]

Word family

  • ființa
  • neființă
  • înființa
  • desființa
  • fi
  • Aromanian hiintsã

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ființă
  3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 903
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 393
  5. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fi
  6. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 52
  7. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ființă
  8. ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ființă
  9. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ființă
  10. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ființă
  11. ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 218
Cite this entry

“Ființă.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/fiin%C8%9B%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

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