Etymology and origin of the Romanian word ființă
- Confidence
- Disputed
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1642 the Cazania of Govora More words from the 17th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin fiō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
- /fiˈin.t͡sə/[1]
Forms
ființă f (plural ființe)[1] A regional form is hiință: „că ghita, hiara sălbatică, pasărea … tot hiințe sunt ca și omu” “for the whale, the wild beast, the bird … are all beings, like man”.[2][3]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian fi + -ință, from the verb “to be”.[4][3][1] Ciorănescu bases it on the gerund ⟨fiind⟩, with the suffix as in ușurință, cuviință and cerință.[5]
Pușcariu and the DA derive it instead from a popular Vulgar Latin *fientia, made on Latin fiō (“to become”) after essentia (“being, essence”) when sum (“to be”) had taken the infinitive ⟨fieri⟩.[6][7][1] Ciorănescu calls this plausible but unnecessary;[5][8][9] DLRM and NODEX follow the Latin derivation.[5][8][9] The verb itself continues the Latin verb “to be”, whose infinitive ⟨esse⟩ was replaced by ⟨fierī⟩.[5] The same word is Aromanian hiintsã, with the same two explanations.[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin's first record is the Cazania of Govora of 1642.[2] A manuscript of 1654 has the sense “existence”: God „ne-au scos din întunerec la lumină și din neființă la ființă” “has brought us out of darkness into light and out of non-being into being”.[7][3]
Semantic evolution
The old sense was abstract: existence, being, and the nature or essence of a thing.[7][2] The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons use it to gloss the Slavonic terms for “essence, substance”, among them the one for the consubstantiality of the Trinity.[10] Phrases such as a avea ființă “to exist”, a fi în ființă “to be still in existence” and a da ființă “to bring into being” come from this sense.[7][4]
From about 1700 it also named a living being, as opposed to a thing, and so a person.[2][4] Two old senses have dropped out: “presence”, still used by Negruzzi (în ființa guvernatorului “in the governor's presence”), and Dosoftei's “property, possessions”.[2][3] Modern philosophy uses it for “being” as the object of metaphysics.[4]
Timeline
- 1642 – first record, in the Cazania of Govora.[2]
- 1654 – din neființă la ființă “from non-being into being” in a manuscript.[7][3]
- c. 1660 – in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon, glossing the Slavonic words for “essence”.[10]
- 1682–1686 – “property, possessions” in Dosoftei's lives of the saints.[2]
- 1688 – a avea ființa “to have one's being” in the Bucharest Bible.[7]
- 1702 – ființele și lucrurile “beings and things”: the sense “living being”.[2]
- 1825 – the Lexicon of Buda glosses it Latin existentia, substantia, essentia and ens.[11]
Meanings
Noun
- A living being, everything that has life; a creature.[4][1]
- (specifically) A human being, a person.[4][3]
- Existence; life.[4] În ființă means “existing” or “in reality”, and a da ființă “to give life to; to bring about”.[4][9]
- (philosophy) Being as the most general property of all reality, the object of metaphysics.[4]
Word family
- ființa
- neființă
- înființa
- desființa
Related words
- fi
- Aromanian hiintsã
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ființă
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 903
- ^ a b c d e f g h i DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 393
- ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. fi
- ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 52
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. ființă
- ^ a b Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (1958), Dicționarul limbii romîne moderne, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. s.v. ființă
- ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. ființă
- ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. ființă
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 218
Cite this entry
“Ființă.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/fiin%C8%9B%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
Last edited on . ·