expunere

Forms

expunere f (plural expuneri)^[1] MDA2 records the old spelling espunere, found in 19th-century texts: „Nu mă sumețesc... să fac aice o espunere deplină” “I do not presume to give here a full account” (a calendar of 1847).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is the long infinitive of expune “to expose, to set out”, used as a noun: from Romanian expune + -re.^[3][4][5][1] The verb is a learned loan of expōnō (“to set out, expose”), reshaped after pune “to put”, with senses taken from exposer.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's earliest record of the verb is the Latinate form expónere in Iorgovici's list of proposed new words of 1799.^[6] The DLR's first dated quotation of the noun, spelled espunere, comes from a calendar of 1847 and means “account, exposition” of a subject.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the spoken or written setting out of ideas, facts or theories;^[3] Kogălniceanu used it of the government's account of the country's finances.^[3] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 glossed it as “narration, account of a past event”, and the noun soon took the sense “narrative” in general.^[7][3] It followed the senses of the verb: the display of objects to the public, being exposed to danger or to the weather, and, in photography, the exposure of a plate or film to light.^[8][3]

In law, expunere de motive is the explanatory statement that accompanies a draft law.^[4][9] In the 1990s the financial press used the word for a bank's exposure to a risky debtor, after English exposure.^[10]

Timeline

• 1799 – the verb, as expónere, in Iorgovici's list of new words.^[6]
• 1847 – espunere “account” in a calendar.^[3]
• 1870 – in Costinescu's dictionary, “narration, account”.^[7]
• 1996 – the financial sense “exposure (to a debtor)”.^[10]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of exposing or being exposed, and its result.^[4][8]
2. An account or exposition: a spoken or written presentation of facts or ideas; a narration.^[4][9]
3. expunere de motive: the explanatory statement setting out the reasons for a draft law.^[4][9]
4. The public display of objects, as in a shop window.^[8][2]
5. Exposure to danger, to an illness or to something unpleasant.^[8][2]
6. (photography) exposure of a film or plate to light.^[8][3]
7. (finance) A bank's exposure to a debtor.^[10]

Related words

• expune
• pune
• expoziție

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 864
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. expunere
4. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 373
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. expunere
6. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. expune
7. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 1, 411
8. ^ a b c d e Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 2, 242
9. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. expunere
10. ^ a b c Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE), p. s.v. expúnere