extinde

Forms

extinde (third-person singular present extinde, past participle extins, third-person subjunctive extindă) 3rd conjugation^[1] In the 19th century the Italianate estinde was common: „Autonomia... unui mitropolit nu se poate estinde așa de departe” “the autonomy of a metropolitan cannot extend so far” (Vasici).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is a learned borrowing, borrowed from Latin extendō (“to stretch out, extend”), given the vowel and conjugation of întinde.^{[3][4][5][2][1]} DELR calls it a Latin neologism romanised after the inherited verb.^[3] Marcu and Maneca compare Italian estendere and French étendre.^[6] The Latin verb is formed on tendō (“to stretch”).^[3]

The participle extins is taken by DELR from Latin extensus, and most of the related words, such as extensie, extensiv and extensibil, came through French.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR's first record is the variant estinde in a text by Laurian of 1846, in the sense of making something take up more space or widening its scope.^[3] MDA2 gives a much later first record, the dictionary of neologisms of 1961.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In the earliest quotations the verb is used of names, rights and logical terms whose scope widens: Petru Maior writes that the name of the Saxons „s-a extins” to the other Germans of Transylvania.^[2] The physical sense, making something occupy a larger space, and the reflexive “to spread” are the main senses today.^[4][5]

Timeline

• 1846 – estinde in Laurian, the first record of the verb;^[3] extins in the same year.^[3]
• 1961 – the dictionary of neologisms, MDA2's first record.^[5]

Meanings

Verb

1. (transitive) to extend: to make something occupy a larger space; to enlarge: Primăria a extins rețeaua de apă în tot cartierul.^[4][5]
2. (transitive and reflexive) to widen the scope of something; to apply to more people or cases.^[2][5]
3. (reflexive) to spread, to grow larger; to stretch.^[4][7]

Word family

• extindere

Related words

• întinde
• tinde
• extins
• extensie
• extensiv
• extensibil

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. extinde
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. extinde
4. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 374
5. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 866
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. extinde
7. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. extinde