calceo

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈkaɫ.ke.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkal̠ʲ.t͡ʃe.o]^[1]

Forms

calceō (present infinitive calceāre, perfect active calceāvī, supine calceātum); first conjugation^[1] Also spelled calciō.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin calceus (“shoe”) + -ō, and the OLD also compares calx “heel”.^[2][4][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations include Plautus, in a jocular use of other parts of the body.^[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant to fit or supply with shoes, put shoes on, shoe, as in Cicero and Pliny; to shoe animals, as of mules in Suetonius; and jokingly of other parts of the body, as in Plautus.^[2][3]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to put shoes on.^[6] It survives as Italian calzare, French chausser, Spanish calzar, Portuguese and Catalan calçar and Romanian încălța.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it jokingly.^[2][5]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny uses it of shoes.^[2][5]
• c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of shoeing mules.^[2][5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To put shoes on, supply with shoes.^[2]
2. To shoe (animals).^[2]

Word family

• calceāmen
• calceāmentum
• calceātor
• calceātus
• discalciātus
• disculciō
• discalceō
• excalceō

Related words

• calcō
• calceus
• calx

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson