Etymologically

sobrecarregar

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word sobrecarregar

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1589 Arrais, as the participle sobrecarregado More words from the 16th century
Ultimate origin
Latin carrus
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin carrus
French char
Italian carro
Portuguese carro
Romanian car
Spanish carro
Latin carricō
Catalan carregar
French charger
Italian caricare
Portuguese carregar
Portuguese sobrecarregar
Spanish cargar
From the same root
Italian carraia ← carrus
French charrette ← char
Italian carraio ← carro
Italian carriola ← carro
Romanian căruță ← car
English caricature ← carricō
Portuguese encarregar ← carricō
French charge ← charger
French décharger ← charger
Italian carica ← caricare
Italian carico ← caricare
Italian scaricare ← caricare
Portuguese carga ← carregar
Spanish carga ← cargar
Spanish cargo ← cargar
Spanish encargar ← cargar
Spanish sobrecargar ← cargar

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /so.bɾe.ka.ʁeˈɡa(ʁ)/, [so.bɾe.ka.heˈɡa(h)][1]
  • São-Paulo: /so.bɾe.ka.ʁeˈɡa(ɾ)/, [so.bɾe.ka.heˈɡa(ɾ)][1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /so.bɾe.ka.ʁeˈɡa(ʁ)/, [so.bɾe.ka.χeˈɡa(χ)][1]
  • Caipira: /so.bɾe.ka.ʁeˈɡa(ɻ)/, [so.bɾe.ka.heˈɡa(ɻ)][1]

Forms

sobrecarregar (first-person singular present sobrecarrego, first-person singular preterite sobrecarreguei, past participle sobrecarregado)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese sobre- + carregar.[2][1][3][4] Silva Bastos already analysed it so in 1912.[5]

carregar, recorded since 1286, is from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“wagon”).[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss's first record is the participle sobrecarregado in Arrais, 1589, and the infinitive follows in 1597.[2] Cunha dates the verb to the 17th century.[8] The sense is “to load too heavily”.[2]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau (1712–1728) defines it as “to load too much, to put on a load beyond one's strength”, quoting Vieira: Vede se os que mais carregados, & sobrecarregados se vem “see whether those who find themselves most loaded and overloaded”.[9] Morais (1789) gives the examples of overloading a beast, a ship, or a piece of artillery until it bursts, and the figurative use with taxes and obligations that cannot be paid.[10] Vieira's dictionary (1871–1874) also has overloading the people with taxes.[11]

Later senses are “to raise excessively”, used of prices, and “to overburden with work”.[2] With postage stamps it means to overprint, from sobrecarga “overprint”.[4][2] The Academia's dictionary records the use of an electrical or mechanical system pushed beyond its power, and Wiktionary has “to supercharge”.[3][1]

Timeline

  • 1589 – sobrecarregado in Arrais.[2]
  • 1597 – first record of the infinitive.[2]
  • 1712–1728 – Bluteau quotes Vieira's sobrecarregados.[9]
  • 1789 – Morais adds the figurative use with taxes.[10]
  • 1823 – the infinitive in a private letter.[12]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To overload: to put too much load on (a vehicle, an animal); sobrepesar.[2][4][1]
  2. To increase excessively: sobrecarregar os preços.[2][4]
  3. To overburden (someone) with work or effort.[2][13][1]
  4. To oppress, weigh down (with taxes, duties): O governo sobrecarregou os camponeses com tributos.[2][14]
  5. To overprint (a postage stamp).[2][14]
  6. (figurative) To shower (someone) with something: sobrecarregar alguém de perguntas.[2]
  7. To run (an electrical or mechanical system) beyond its capacity; to supercharge.[3][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  3. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  4. ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  5. ^ Silva Bastos, José Timóteo da (1912), Diccionario etymologico, prosodico e orthographico da lingua portugueza, Lisboa: Parceria António Maria Pereira, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. carregar
  7. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. carregar
  8. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  9. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  10. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 407
  11. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 552
  12. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. sobrecarregar
  14. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. sobrecarregar

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Sobrecarregar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/sobrecarregar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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