Etymologically

respiração

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word respiração

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1400s spelt resperacam More words from the 15th century
Borrowed from
Latin respiratio
Ultimate origin
Latin spīrō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin spīrō
Italian spirare
Latin respīrō
Portuguese respirar
English respire
French respirer
Romanian respira
Italian respirare
Spanish respirar
English respiration
French respiration
Romanian respirație
Portuguese respiração
Spanish respiración
From the same root
English transpire ← spīrō
Latin aspīrō ← spīrō
Latin cōnspīrō ← spīrō
Latin exspīrō ← spīrō
Latin īnspīrō ← spīrō
Latin spīrāculum ← spīrō
Latin spīrāmentum ← spīrō
Latin spīritus ← spīrō
Latin suspīrō ← spīrō
Latin trānspīrō ← spīrō
Romanian suspina ← spīrō
Spanish espíritu ← spīrō
Spanish inspirar ← spīrō
Latin respīrātus ← respīrō
Italian respiro ← respirare

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /ʁes.pi.ɾaˈsɐ̃w̃/, [hes.pi.ɾaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃][1]
  • Rio-de-Janeiro: /ʁeʃ.pi.ɾaˈsɐ̃w̃/, [χeʃ.pi.ɾaˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃][1]
  • Portugal: /ʁɨʃ.pi.ɾɐˈsɐ̃w̃/[1]

Forms

respiração f (plural respirações)[1] The 15th-century record is spelt resperacam (Houaiss) or resperaçam (Cunha).[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin respīrātiō (“breathing; a pause for breath; exhalation”).[2][3][1] Nascentes calls it semi-learned.[4] The Latin noun is formed from respīrō (“to breathe again, take breath”) with the suffix -tiō.[5][1] The verb respirar, from the same Latin verb, is recorded from the 14th century.[6][3]

The Latin verb is a compound of spīrō (“to breathe”).[7] De Vaan considers the simple verb probably onomatopoeic;[1] Kroonen connects it with *fīsaną (“to blow”).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the noun to the 15th century, from Cunha's medieval index, in the spelling resperacam; the 4th edition of Cunha gives resperaçam in a 15th-century text, after first dating the word to the 18th century.[2][3] The sense is the act of breathing.[2]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa (1611) renders it with Latin respiratio and spiritus and has respiração com força for panting.[8] Morais (1813) defines it as “the act of breathing”.[9] The old Caldas Aulete adds the senses “air, the medium one breathes in” and “breath”, a botanical sense for the gas exchange of green plants, and a musical one, taking breath in singing.[10] Modern biology gave the sense of cellular respiration, the metabolic use of oxygen, and the phrases respiração aeróbica and respiração anaeróbica.[2][11] Respiração artificial and respiração boca a boca name the emergency methods.[2][12]

Timeline

  • 15th century – resperacam.[2][3]
  • 1611 – Barbosa's dictionary lists respiração.[8]
  • before 1697 – the spelling respiração.[2]
  • 1745 – rispiração in a private letter.[13]
  • 1813 – Morais defines it as the act of breathing.[9]
  • 1858 – first record of respiratório.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. breathing, respiration: the act of breathing in and out: Tinha a respiração ofegante.[2][11][14][1]
  2. (physiology) The function by which living beings take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.[2][11][15]
  3. (biology) Cellular respiration: the metabolic process that uses oxygen to oxidise organic molecules and release energy.[2][11][16]
  4. breath, the air breathed out; bafo, hálito.[2][11][16]
  5. A breather, a short pause.[1]

Usage notes

Sem tomar respiração means “at one go, without stopping”.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. respiração
  3. ^ a b c d e f Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. respiração
  4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. respiração
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. respirar
  7. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  8. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. respiração
  9. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 2, 615
  10. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. respiração
  11. ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. respiração
  12. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. respiração
  13. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. respiração
  14. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. respiração
  15. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. respiração
  16. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8041

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Respiração.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/respira%C3%A7%C3%A3o. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·