suspina

Forms

suspina (first-person singular present suspin, third-person singular present suspină, past participle suspinat, third-person subjunctive suspine), 1st conjugation^[1][2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin suspīrō (“to sigh”).^{[2][3][4][5][1][6]} MDA2 writes the etymon as ⟨suspinare⟩.^[7] Its source is formed from Latin sub- + spīrō (“to breathe”).^[8][1]

South of the Danube the verb is Aromanian suschir, with an infinitive suschinare beside suschirare in one of Pascu's sources.^[9][3] The Romance cognates include Italian sospirare, Sardinian suspirare, Occitan sospirar and French soupirer.^[3][6] Nocentini lists the Romanian verb among the popular descendants and takes Spanish suspirar and Portuguese suspirar as learned.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and the DLR first quote Coresi's Tetraevanghel of 1560–1561, „Plâns-am voao și n-ați suspinat” “we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented”.^[7][4] Tiktin's first record is the Codicele Voronețean (c. 1563–1583), at James 5:9.^[5]

Semantic evolution

The core sense is to sigh, deeply or heavily, and with it to sob while crying.^[2][7] Old texts also use it for lamenting.^[7] The sighs of longing gave the sense to pine for someone or something, a suspina după cineva.^[7][2] The romantic poets let the wind and music sigh: Heliade has a zephyr that sighs, and MDA2 records the verb of instruments that make plaintive sounds.^[4][7] The noun suspin, a deverbal that Ciorănescu thinks may predate Romanian, is recorded even earlier, in the Psaltirea Hurmuzaki of the early 16th century.^[3][7]

Timeline

• 1560–1561 – n-ați suspinat in Coresi's Tetraevanghel.^[7][4]
• c. 1563–1583 – the Codicele Voronețean, James 5:9.^[5]
• 1648 – veți suspina și veți plânge in the New Testament, Luke 6:25.^[4]
• 1660 – suspin in a Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[11]
• 1688 – more than thirty forms of the verb in the Bucharest Bible.^[12]

Meanings

Verb

1. To sigh, deeply or heavily.^[2][7][1]
2. To cry with sobs.^[2][7]
3. To long for, to pine after someone or something.^[2][7]
4. (of musical instruments, poetic) To make plaintive sounds.^[7]

Word family

• suspin

Related words

• Aromanian suschir
• Latin suspīrō

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1081
3. ^ a b c d Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. suspina
4. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. suspina
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. suspina
6. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 8489
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1077
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 165
10. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier, p. s.v. sospirare
11. ^ Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro, p. s.v. suspin
12. ^ Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Job 9:27