residir

Forms

residir (first-person singular present resido, first-person singular preterite residi, past participle residido)^[1]

Etymology

In most sources it is borrowed from Latin resideō (“to remain, stay behind; to reside”).^[2][1][3][4] Houaiss gives instead resīdō (“to sit down, settle”).^[5] The OLD notes that the two Latin verbs are often hard to tell apart, the first being taken for a state and the second for an action.^[6] The first record is of 1435.^[5][7] The Spanish cognate is residir, recorded from 1495.^[8]

The first is re- with sedeō (“to sit, be situated”), the second the same prefix with sīdō (“to sit down”).^[6][9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lorenzo's records begin with a church text of 1435, se non residen en esta Iglesia “if they do not reside in this church”, and a text of 1491 has que por seu mandado resyden “who reside there by his order”.^[7] The first use is the duty of clergy to live where they hold their office, a sense Medieval Latin residere had.^[7][10]

Semantic evolution

Barbosa (1611) and Pereira (1697) gloss it with Latin resideo.^[11][12] Bluteau (1712–1728) gives both “to dwell in a place” and “to be personally present and serve one's office or benefice, as those who hold judgeships or churches must”.^[13] The old Caldas Aulete adds the abstract use “to exist, be found”, as of a law that lay in the will of the people.^[14] Modern dictionaries have “to live”, “to have its seat in”, “to consist in” and “to show itself”.^[5][4]

Timeline

• 1435 – se non residen en esta Iglesia.^[7][5]
• 1491 – resyden.^[7]
• 1611 – Barbosa: Latin resideo.^[11]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau records the clerical duty of residence.^[13]
• 1755 – Folqman glosses it with Latin commorari.^[15]

Meanings

Verb

1. To live, morar, have one's home (in a place): Residem no Porto há vinte anos.^[5][16][1]
2. To have its seat or basis (in): A soberania reside na nação.^[5][17]
3. To consist (in).^[5][18]
4. To show itself, be found (in).^[5][19]

Related words

• residência
• residente
• resíduo
• Latin resideō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. residir
3. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. residir
4. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. residir
5. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. residir
6. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. resideō
7. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. residir
8. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. residir
9. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. resīdō
10. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. residere
11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. residir
12. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. residir
13. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. residir
14. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. residir
15. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. residir
16. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. residir
17. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. residir
18. ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. residir
19. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 8032