julho

Forms

julho m (plural julhos)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote jullo, julio, julyo and juyllio.^[2][3][4][5] Before the 1990 spelling agreement Portugal wrote the months with a capital, Julho.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin Iūlius (“(the month) of Julius”), written Old Galician-Portuguese jullo and Old Galician-Portuguese julio in the oldest texts.^[2][3][1] The Roman month, earlier quīntīlis (“fifth”), was renamed in 44 BC in honour of Julius Caesar.^[6][1][7]

The same Latin word is Galician xullo, Italian luglio, Occitan julh and Old French juil.^[8][1] Corominas notes that the inherited names of July and June were easily confused.^[9] Catalan and French turned to the diminutives Catalan juliol and French juillet to keep them apart, while the Castilian forms became the learned Spanish julio and Spanish junio, and Portuguese kept the inherited forms.^[9] The Latin month name is that of the Julian family.^[10][1] Wiktionary mentions a link with Iovis (“Jove”) or with Ancient Greek ἴουλος (íoulos, “first down of the beard”), both uncertain.^[10][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the word to 1255 from Cunha's slips of medieval Portuguese; the first dated form in its list is jullo, in 1275.^[2] Lorenzo's chronology quotes a charter of 1275, do mes de jullo “of the month of July”, and Galician documents of 1281 and 1282 with Julio.^[4] The Crónica Troiana speaks of o mes de julio quando os dias son longos “the month of July when the days are long”.^[5]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau in 1712 explains the Roman renaming after Julius Caesar, the month of his birth.^[11] Vieira adds that in Rome the month was consecrated to Jupiter.^[7]

The word passed into the creoles and languages of the former Portuguese world: Kabuverdianu julhu, Tetum jullu and Konkani.^[1]

Timeline

• 1255 – first record, according to Houaiss.^[2]
• 1275 – do mes de jullo in a charter.^[4][2]
• 1281 – primeyro dia de Julio in a Galician document.^[4]
• 14th century – the spelling juyllio.^[3]
• 1513 – julho in the Livro dos Mártires.^[12]
• 1712 – Bluteau explains the name after Julius Caesar.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. July, the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, with 31 days: As férias começam em julho.^[2][13][1]

Related words

• junho
• agosto
• Latin Iūlius
• Galician xullo
• Spanish julio

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. julho
3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. julho
4. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. jullo
5. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. julio
6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1952), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, vol. 2: Nomes próprios, Rio de Janeiro, p. 198
7. ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 3, 1218
8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
9. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 538
10. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. julho
12. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. julho
13. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. julho