julio

julio¹ July

Etymology tree of julio¹

inherited borrowed derived

Latin Iūlius

English July

German Juli

Spanish julio

Pronunciation

• /ˈxuljo/, [ˈxu.ljo]^[1]

Forms

julio m (plural julios)^[1] Old Spanish texts spell it julio, iulio, jullio and iuliyo.^[2]

Etymology

The word for July is borrowed from Latin Iūlius (“July; of the Julian family”), the name given to the month in honour of Julius Caesar.^[3][4][5] Corominas and the BDELC treat it as taken from Latin, a word in general use at every period;^[3][4][1][6] Wiktionary calls it inherited and probably semi-learned, and García de Diego leaves open whether it is a learned word or a reaction against the popular forms of the dialects around Burgos.^[3][4][1][6]

In the Ibero-Romance languages popular forms such as Portuguese julho were used at first everywhere, but the learned forms soon came into Castilian.^[7] Catalan and French turned to the diminutives Catalan juliol and French juillet, which kept the month apart from June better.^[7] Other forms of the same word are Italian luglio, Occitan julh, Galician xullo and Asturian xuliu.^[1][8]

The Latin month was earlier called quīntīlis (“fifth”) and was renamed after Julius Caesar in 44 BC.^[1][9] The family name may be a contraction of an Old Latin personal name *Iovilios (“descended from Jove”), or come from Ancient Greek ἴουλος (íoulos, “first down of the beard”).^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first hit in the CDH is the Semejanza del mundo of about 1223: anda el sol en todo el mes de jullio “the sun moves through the whole month of July”.^[10] Corominas and the BDELC date the word to Berceo's Vida de San Millán (1220–1250).^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

Covarrubias in 1611 explained that the month, the fifth counting from March, had lost the name Quintilis in honour of Julius Caesar, who was born in it.^[11] Autoridades called it the fifth month in the first Roman calendar and the seventh in the later Roman and Church reckoning, with 31 days.^[12] A record of 1554 from Peru names July together with its Inca name.^[13] The word was borrowed into Tagalog as Hulyo and into other languages of the Philippines.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 1223 – the Semejanza del mundo has jullio.^[10]
• 1220–1250 – Berceo's Vida de San Millán has julio.^[3][4]
• 1255 – the first year of the word in the Old Spanish Textual Archive.^[14]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija gives Latin quintilis and iulius for julio mes.^[15]
• 1554 – the first record from the Americas, in Peru.^[13]
• 1611 – Covarrubias explains the name from Julius Caesar.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. July: the seventh month of the year, of 31 days.^[5][1]

julio² joule

Pronunciation

• /ˈxuljo/, [ˈxu.ljo]^[1]

Forms

julio m (plural julios)^[1]

Etymology

The word for the unit of energy is borrowed from English joule, which is the surname of the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).^{[3][16][5][1]} The DTME analyses the Spanish form as the name with the Latin ending -ium, and says that the unit was named by W. von Siemens in 1882.^[17]

Earliest recorded meaning

Corominas dates the word to the beginning of the 20th century, in Pagés's dictionary.^[3][16]

Timeline

• 1882 – the unit is named after Joule.^[17]
• early 20th century – first record in Spanish, in Pagés's dictionary.^[3][16]

Meanings

Noun

1. (physics) The joule: the unit of work and energy of the International System, the work done by a force of one newton moving its point of application one metre in its own direction (symbol J).^[5][1][18]