Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word autorizar
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1360 the participle, spelt outorizado More words from the 14th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin auctorizo
- Ultimate origin
- Latin auctor
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
autorizar (first-person singular present autorizo, first-person singular preterite autorizei, past participle autorizado)[1] The oldest record is the participle outorizado (1360); the infinitive autorizar appears in the 15th century.[2] Nineteenth-century texts also wrote it with ⟨th⟩ and ⟨s⟩: a Rio de Janeiro text of 1833 has authorisada.[3]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Medieval Latin auctōrizō (“to confirm”), the origin that most authors give, as Houaiss puts it.[2][4][1][5][6] Machado calls the Latin verb Late Latin.[7] Houaiss dates the first record to 1360, in the participle Old Galician-Portuguese outorizado, while Cunha dates the verb to the 16th century.[2][4] DELPo, Michaelis and the Wikcionário analyse it instead as a Portuguese formation on autor with the suffix -izar, like French autoriser.[3][8][9]
The Medieval Latin verb is formed from auctor with the suffix -izō, and is first recorded in 838.[1] In legal Latin the noun meant “guarantor”.[10] Niermeyer records the verb in the senses “to authorize, confirm”, “to warrant as guarantor” and “to acknowledge a deed as valid”.[11]
The same verb is Galician autorizar, Spanish autorizar and Catalan autoritzar.[1] In Old French it developed by regular sound change into Old French otreier and otroier “to authorize, consent to” (1080), which was remade in 1372 after the Latin noun as French octroyer “to grant”.[10]
Earliest recorded meaning
A Latin charter of 1128 already uses the verb in the formula Ego infans domno Alfonso... autorizo et confirmo et roboro “I, the infante Dom Afonso, authorize, confirm and ratify”.[7] The first Portuguese record is the participle outorizado of 1360, “authorized, approved”.[2][12]
Semantic evolution
Barbosa's dictionary of 1611 renders the verb as “to confirm by one's authority”, and uses autorizada cousa for something weighty, of great authority.[13] Morais (1813) gives the senses “to give authority”, “to make respected”, “to permit” and “to legalize, authenticate”, as in authorizing a miracle or the character of historians.[14] The original Caldas Aulete adds “to justify, give a pretext for” and the reflexive senses “to gain authority” and “to rest on an authority”.[15]
The sense of permission now leads the modern dictionaries, which put first making something lawful or giving someone leave to act.[2][5] The DLP still records, as little used, the sense “to name the author of a work”.[6]
Timeline
- 1128 – a Latin charter has autorizo et confirmo et roboro.[7]
- 1360 – first record of the participle, spelt outorizado.[2]
- 15th century – the infinitive autorizar.[2]
- 1541 – autorizado in a private letter.[16]
- c. 1543 – first record of desautorizar.[17]
- 1611 – Barbosa's dictionary lists autorizar and the adverb autorizadamente.[13]
- 1813 – Morais lists the senses “to give authority”, “to permit” and “to authenticate”.[14]
- 1836 – first record of the noun autorização, spelt auctorisação.[18]
- 1899 – Figueiredo derives the verb from autor.[19]
Meanings
Verb
- To make lawful; to permit: A câmara autorizou a construção da ponte.[2][20]
- To give permission to someone: O médico autorizou-a a voltar ao trabalho.[2][15]
- To give authority or power to; to empower.[5][6][20]
- To give grounds or a right to; to justify: A pressa não autoriza descuidos.[2][15]
- To validate; to back with one's authority (a usage, a reading).[2][5][8]
- (reflexive) To rest on an authority; to gain authority or respect.[20][8]
- (rare) To name the author of a work.[6]
Word family
- autorização
- autorizado
- desautorizar
Related words
- autor
- autoridade
- Latin auctor
- Spanish autorizar
Usage notes
A survey of 1964 in Portugal recorded autorizar in the regional sense “to use, make use of”, perhaps a corruption of utilizar.[21]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b c d Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b c Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b c Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ Wikcionário (Portuguese Wiktionary), pt.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. octroyer
- ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. auctorizare
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. autorizado
- ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 234
- ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. desautorizar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. autorização
- ^ Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ a b c Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. autorizar
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. autorizar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Autorizar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/autorizar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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