aparecer

Forms

aparecer (first-person singular present apareço, first-person singular preterite apareci, past participle aparecido)^[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote aparecer, apparescer and aparesçier.^[2][3] Bluteau (1712–1728) and Folqman (1755) head the word apparecer and refer aparecer to it, and Figueiredo (1899) still gives apparecêr as the main form.^[4][5][6]

Etymology

It is inherited from Late Latin appārēscō (“to begin to appear”), written Old Galician-Portuguese aparecer in the oldest texts.^[2][3][7][1] The Late Latin verb is the inchoative of Latin appāreō (“to be visible, appear”), with the suffix -scō, and that verb is formed from ad- (“towards”) and pāreō (“to be visible; to obey”).^[7][1][8] Nascentes calls it a semi-learned development.^[9] Machado records the variant Old Galician-Portuguese parecer in 1204.^[7]

The inchoative form is also Galician aparecer, Spanish aparecer and Catalan aparèixer; the Latin verb without the suffix gave Italian apparire, French apparoir and Romanian apărea.^[10][11] French apparaître is from the same Late Latin verb, which is recorded only from the 3rd and 4th centuries.^[12]

Earliest recorded meaning

A document of 1258–1261 says that the parties aparecessen ante el “should appear before him” and that one apareceo ante o Juiz “appeared before the judge” on the appointed day.^[13] In the Cantigas de Santa Maria the Virgin logo ll'apareceu “at once appeared to him”, the sense of a vision.^[13] Medieval Latin already had both senses, “to show up in person or in a vision” and “to appear in court”.^[14]

Semantic evolution

From the medieval senses “to come into sight” and “to appear before a court” the verb widened to “turn up, attend”, “be found” (of something lost), “come out” (of a publication) and “arise”.^[2][15] Vieira (1871) also notes an obsolete use “to seem, resemble”, the same as parecer.^[16] In the 18th and 19th centuries the dictionaries preferred the Latinising spelling apparecer.^[4][6]

Timeline

• 1204 – the variant pareçeo “appeared” in a document.^[7]
• 1258–1261 – aparecessen and apareceo in a document.^[13]
• 13th century – the verb in the Cantigas de Santa Maria; the spellings apparescer and, in 1282, aparesçier.^[13][2]
• c. 1430 – the earliest CTA text with the word, the Horto do Esposo.^[17]
• 1569 – Cardoso glosses aparecer with Latin appareo.^[18]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau heads the word apparecer.^[4]
• 1899 – Figueiredo still prefers apparecêr.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To appear: to come into view, become visible: A lua apareceu por trás do monte.^[2][19][1]
2. (intransitive) To show up, to attend; to turn up somewhere: Ele não apareceu na reunião.^[1][15][20]
3. (intransitive) To be found again (of something lost).^[15][21]
4. (intransitive) To arise, to begin to manifest itself.^[22][19]
5. (intransitive) To come out, be published.^[21]
6. (intransitive) To appear in a vision.^[20]

Word family

• aparecimento
• desaparecer
• desaparecimento
• reaparecer

Related words

• aparente
• parecer
• comparecer
• aparência
• aparição
• Latin appāreō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. aparecer
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. aparecer
4. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. aparecer
5. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. aparecer
6. ^ a b c Figueiredo, Cândido de (1899), Novo diccionário da língua portuguesa, 1st ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Tavares Cardoso & Irmão, p. 106
7. ^ a b c d Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. aparecer
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. appāreō
9. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. aparecer
10. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. *apparescere
11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 535
12. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. apparaître
13. ^ a b c d Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. aparecer
14. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. apparere
15. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. aparecer
16. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 467
17. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. aparecer
18. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. aparecer
19. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. aparecer
20. ^ a b Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. aparecer
21. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. aparecer
22. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 768