apărea

Forms

apărea (third-person singular present apare, past participle apărut, third-person subjunctive apară), 2nd conjugation^[1] A variant apare of the third conjugation is also used, especially in the future: cartea va apare.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin appāreō (“to appear”), a 19th-century loan conjugated like the native părea “to seem”.^[2][3][4][1] DELR and Tiktin name French apparaître beside the Latin verb.^[5][6] Ciorănescu sees a Romanian formation on that verb, on the model of the French pair of paraître and its compound.^[7] The Latin verb is a compound of ad- and pāreō (“to be visible”).^[5][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELR and Tiktin date the first record to 1848, in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms;^[5][6] DELR gives the senses “to show oneself, become visible” and “to come into being”.^[5][6] MDA2's first record is Alecsandri's poems of 1875.^[8]

Semantic evolution

From “to become visible” the verb took the senses “to come into being” and “to seem, look a certain way”, the latter close to its model părea.^[5][3] The publishing sense, of a book or periodical that comes out, was noted early: Tiktin gives it first.^[6][3]

Its family came largely from French: aparent, aparență and apariție are recorded from 1840 in Heliade Rădulescu, before the verb itself.^[5] reapărea “to reappear”, formed on apărea after French réapparaître, is recorded from 1851.^[5]

Timeline

• 1840 – aparent, aparență and apariție in Heliade Rădulescu.^[5]
• 1848 – apărea in Negulici's dictionary, and reapariție in Asachi.^[5][6]
• 1851 – reapărea “to reappear”.^[5]
• 1875 – in Alecsandri's poems.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. To appear, become visible, show up; to come into being.^[2][8][1]
2. To look a certain way to someone, to seem.^[2][8]
3. (of publications) To come out, be published: Romanul a apărut anul trecut.^[2][8]

Word family

• reapărea

Related words

• părea
• dispărea

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 53
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. apărea
4. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. apărea
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. apărea
6. ^ a b c d e Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. apăreá
7. ^ Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. apărea
8. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 78