Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin aliquam + diū (“for a long time”). The TLL divides it instead as ali- with quamdiū (“how long”).

It is from Latin ali- + quantus (“how great”), with the stem of alius (“other”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *alsno- (“alder”). De Vaan, following Derksen, takes it to be a non-Indo-European word borrowed separately into Italic, Balto-Slavic and Germanic, as the varying…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps from Ancient Greek ἀλύω (alúō, “to be distraught, wander in mind”), with the ending of verbs such as vāticinor. L&S and Georges also connect it with the Greek…

It is from Latin ab- + mandō (“to entrust, commit”). De Vaan explains mandō as a compound of manus (“hand”) with the root of “to put”, thus “to put at hand, commit”, matched by an Oscan stem.

It is from Latin amāns (“loving”) + -ter (“adverbial suffix”), from the present participle of amō (“to love”). De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *ama- (“to take, hold”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ambiguus (“doubtful, ambiguous”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective, which comes from ambigō (“to dispute; to be in doubt”). De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of agō (“to…

It is from Latin ambiguus (“doubtful, of double meaning”) + -tās. De Vaan lists that adjective, beside ambigō (“to dispute”), among the compounds of agō (“to drive, do”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin ambitiōsus (“eager for favour, ambitious”) + -ē. The adjective comes from ambitiō (“canvassing, ambition”), from ambiō (“to go round; to solicit”), a compound of ambi- and eō (“to…

It is probably from Latin amplus (“large, ample”): de Vaan takes its meaning to be an idiomatic use of the adjective, and Wiktionary also derives it from the adjective. Older explanations set up…

It is formed from Latin amplus (“large, ample”) + -ē, the adverb of that adjective; for the comparative see amplius. De Vaan derives amplus from Proto-Italic *am-lo- (“seizable”), from…

It is from Latin ancilla (“maidservant”) + -āris. De Vaan explains ancilla as a diminutive formed to anculus (“man-servant”), once that word had been reanalysed as a diminutive itself.

It is from Latin angustus (“narrow”) + -ō. The adjective goes back to Proto-Italic *angosto- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂emǵʰ-os-to- (“characterized by narrowness”), built on the s-stem noun behind…

It is from Latin anus (“old woman”) + -īlis.

It is from Latin animadvertō (“to notice; to punish”) + -tiō, formed on the participle stem. The verb is animus (“mind”) with advertō (“to turn towards”), literally to turn the mind to something.

It is from Latin animōsus (“spirited, courageous”) + -ē. The adjective is formed from animus (“spirit, mind”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *anamo- (“breath, spirit”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin ambi- (“around”) + quaerō (“to seek”). Festus, as reported by Paul the Deacon, already explained it as "to seek around". De Vaan traces quaerō to Proto-Italic *kwai-s-e/o-, perhaps…

It is from Latin ante- (“before”) + capiō (“to take, seize”). De Vaan traces capiō to Proto-Italic *kap-i-, which he reconstructs as Proto-Indo-European *kh₂p-i- but also allows to be of…

It is from Latin anticipō (“to take beforehand”) + -tiō, a noun of action. In its philosophical and rhetorical senses it renders Ancient Greek πρόληψις (prólēpsis).

It is from Latin antistō (“to stand before, excel”), a form of antestō, made of ante (“before”) and stō (“to stand”): one who stands before, a president.

It is formed from Latin apparō (“to prepare, provide”) + -tus. The verb is ad- and parō (“to prepare”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *parāje/o-, perhaps a verb made from a noun…

It is formed from Latin appendō (“to hang on, weigh out”) + -ix. The verb is from ad- and pendō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *pend-e/o- (“to hang”) and Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-e/o- (“to…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin appetō (“to reach out for, seek”). That verb is a compound of ad- and petō (“to make for, seek”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin appetō (“to strive after; assail”) + -tus, a fourth-declension noun of action. appetō is a compound of ad- and petō (“to make for, seek”).

It is from Latin approbō (“to approve, commend”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from ad- and probō (“to approve, prove”), which de Vaan derives from probus (“good, honest”).

It is formed from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + propinquō (“to draw near”), a verb from propinquus (“near”). The adjective is formed on prope (“near”), which de Vaan, following Dunkel, explains as an…

It is formed from Latin aptus (“fitted, suitable”) + -ē, the adverbial suffix. De Vaan lists ⟨aptus⟩ “tied” with apīscor (“to reach, get”) and the glossed apiō (“to tie, fasten”), from Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin aquor (“to fetch water”) + -tiō. The verb is made from aqua (“water”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *akwā- (“water”). Cognate with Old High German aha, from Proto-Germanic *aχwō…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιπειρατής (arkhipeiratḗs, “pirate chief”). The Greek word is made of ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) and πειρατής (peiratḗs, “pirate”), which Köbler connects with πειράω…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄρχων (árkhōn, “ruler”), and Köbler compares ἄρχω (árkhō, “to be the first, to rule”), the further origin of which he calls unexplained.

It is from Latin ārdēns (“burning”) + -ter. De Vaan derives the verb ārdeō (“to burn”) from āridus (“dry”), and that adjective from āreō (“to be dry”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *ās-ē- (“to be…

It is from Latin armāmenta (“implements, equipment”) + -ārium, a place noun; armāmenta is from arma (“arms, equipment”). Varro noted that armārium (“cupboard”) and this noun have the same origin…

It is formed from Latin armō (“to arm”) + -ūra. The verb comes from arma (“weapons”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *armo- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)r-mo- (“fitting”), from the root…

It is formed from Latin arrogāns + -ia, the present participle of arrogō (“to claim for oneself”). It is also spelled ⟨adrogantia⟩.

It is from Latin ascendō (“to climb up”) + -tus, a fourth-declension action noun. The verb is ad- with scandō (“to climb”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *skand-e/o- (“to ascend”) and…

It is from Latin āscrībō (“to add in writing, enrol”) + -tor, and that verb is a compound of ad- (“to”) and scrībō (“to write”).

It is from Latin asper (“rough”) + -ē. De Vaan tentatively traces asper to Proto-Italic *aspi-ro- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp-i- (“cutting”).

It is formed from Latin aspergō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to sprinkle on”. The verb is a compound of spargō (“to strew”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *sparg- and…

It is formed from Latin aspīrō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to breathe or blow upon”. The verb is a compound of spīrō (“to breathe”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *spīr/s-.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “round shield; asp”). Lewis and Short note that in Greek the word usually meant a shield and only rarely the snake, while in Latin the order is…

It is formed from Latin assideō (“to sit beside”) + -tor, on the stem of the participle assessus; literally it is “one who sits beside”.

It is formed from Latin assignō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to allot, assign”. The verb comes from signō (“to mark”), a derivative of signum (“sign”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin ad- + saliō (“to jump”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *sal-je- (“to jump”) and Proto-Indo-European *sh₂l-ie/o- (“to jump”), but regards the exact form of the root as…

It is from Latin assuēscō (“to become accustomed”) + faciō (“to make, do”), “to make accustomed”, with the first part in the shortened form ⟨assuē-⟩.

It is from Latin assūmō (“to take up, adopt”) + -tiō. That verb is a compound of ad- and sūmō (“to take”).

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin astringō (“to bind fast, tighten”). That verb is formed from ad- and stringō (“to tie, tighten”), which in this sense de Vaan…

It is formed from Latin attribuō (“to assign, allot”) + -tiō, a noun of action. A spelling ⟨adt-⟩ is also found, in the Lex Iulia municipalis, the Lex Ursonensis and many manuscripts.

1. Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin atterō (“to rub against, wear away”). atterō is a compound of ad- and terō (“to rub”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tera- and…

It is from Latin auctiō (“public sale, auction”) + -or, a deponent verb. De Vaan lists auctiō among the derivatives of augeō (“to increase”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *augeje/o- and…

It is from Latin auctōrō (“to hire oneself out, bind oneself”) + -mentum. That verb is from auctor (“guarantor, seller”), which de Vaan derives from augeō (“to increase”).

It is from Latin augur (“augur”) + -ātus, or auguror (“to take the auguries”) with the suffix -tus of action nouns.

It is from Latin aurum (“gold”) + -fer (“bearing”). The noun aurum goes back to Proto-Italic *auso- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”).

It is formed from Latin avis (“bird”) + -ārium, with the suffix of places. Georges and Gaffiot treat it as the neuter noun of the adjective aviārius (“of birds”).

It is formed from Latin avus (“grandfather”) + -ītus. De Vaan thinks it a recent formation modelled on marītus (“married, husband”); Leumann explained it from the genitive ⟨avī⟩. ⟨avus⟩ is…

It is from Latin ab- + vocō (“to call”). De Vaan takes vocō as a denominative verb from the stem of vōx (“voice”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *wōkʷs and Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“voice”)…

It is from Latin bāsium (“kiss”) + -ō. De Vaan thinks bāsium, which Catullus brought into the written language, is probably a loanword, perhaps Celtic, given that Catullus came from Verona.

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan thinks the late date of attestation points to a loanword; since Catullus, who brought it into the written language, came from Verona, it may be from Celtic…

It is from Latin beātus (“happy, blessed”) + -ē. beātus is the participle of beō (“to make happy”), whose origin de Vaan finds unclear: a link with bonus (“good”), from Proto-Italic *dwejo- beside…

It is from Latin bellicus (“of war”) + -ōsus. bellicus is formed from bellum (“war”), older duellum, whose origin is uncertain; de Vaan thinks the best proposal is Pinault's, a diminutive *duenelo-…

It is from Latin beneficus (“generous, kind”) + -ia, built on the stem ⟨beneficent-⟩, as magnificentia is from magnificus. beneficus is made from bene (“well”) and the root of faciō (“to do”).