Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is formed from Latin uncus (“hook”) + -īnus; Wiktionary calls it a diminutive of the noun. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *onko- and Proto-Indo-European *h2onḱ-o- (“hook”). Cognate with…

It is from Latin vārus (“bent outwards”), the feminine of the adjective used as a noun, for a structure with diverging branches. De Vaan's tentative explanation of the adjective is Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin vīnum (“wine”) + -eus, an adjective of material. Its base vīnum goes back to Proto-Italic *wīno- and Proto-Indo-European *ueih₁-(ō)n (“vine; wine”), which de Vaan, following Beekes…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin abdō (“to put away, hide”). De Vaan counts abdō among the compounds of -dō, which go back to Proto-Italic *-þō and the root…

It is formed from Latin aberrō (“to wander away”) + -tiō, an action noun.

It is from Latin ab- + iungō (“to join, yoke”). The simple verb iungō goes back to Proto-Italic *jung-e/o- and to the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *(H)iunégti (“to yoke”). Cognate with Sanskrit…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin abrumpō (“to break off”).

It is from Latin abscēdō (“to go away”) + -tus. That verb is a compound of abs- (“away”) and cēdō (“to go, withdraw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”).

It is from Latin absolūtus (“complete, finished”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective that grew out of the past participle of absolvō (“to set free; to complete”).

It is from Latin absolvō (“to set free, acquit; finish”) + -tiō. That verb is a compound of ab (“from”) and solvō (“to loosen”), which de Vaan explains as an old compound of ⟨*se-⟩ “away” and -luō…

It is from Latin ab- (“away from”) + sonus (“sound”). The TLL derives it from ⟨ab⟩ and sonō (“to sound”). It is also spelled ⟨apsonus⟩.

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin abstineō (“to hold back, abstain”), which is made from abs- (“away”) and teneō (“to hold”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin abstinēns (“abstaining”) + -ia, from the participle of abstineō (“to hold back, abstain”). That verb is abs- with teneō (“to hold”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *t(e)nē-…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin abstrūdō (“to thrust away, hide”). That verb is formed from abs- and trūdō (“to push, thrust”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin abundāns (“overflowing”) + -ia, from the participle of abundō “to overflow”. That verb is formed from ab- and unda “wave”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *udōr and…

It is from Latin acclāmō (“to shout at”) + -tiō, from ad- and clāmō (“to shout”). De Vaan takes clāmō as a verb made from an old noun for a shout, from Proto-Indo-European *klh₁-m(o)-.

It is from Latin ad- (“to, at”) + clāmō (“to shout”). De Vaan takes clāmō as a verb made from a lost noun for “shout”, from Proto-Italic *klām-o/ā- (“shout, shouting”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin accommodō (“to fit, adapt”), its perfect participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan lists the verb among the derivatives of modus (“measure”), through commodus (“convenient”).

It is from Latin accūrātus (“done with care”) + -ē. accūrātus is the participle of accūrō “to take care of”, from ad- and cūrō (“to care for”), the verb of cūra “care”. De Vaan traces cūra to…

It is formed from Latin accūsō (“to accuse”) + -tiō. accūsō is ad- with causa (“cause, lawsuit”), whose origin de Vaan finds uncertain (Walde and Hofmann linked it with cūdō (“to strike”)).

It is formed from Latin accūsō (“to accuse”) + -tor, the agent noun. accūsō is from ad (“to”) and causa (“cause, lawsuit”). De Vaan finds the origin of causa uncertain: Walde and Hofmann connected…

It is from Latin accūsō (“to accuse”) + -tōrius, the adjective belonging to accūsātor (“accuser”). accūsō is a compound of ad (“to”) and causa (“cause, lawsuit”).

It is from Latin acerbus (“harsh, bitter”) + -ē. De Vaan derives acerbus from an adjective Proto-Italic *akro- (“sharp”), the base also of ācer (“sharp”), which he traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin acerbus + -tās, from the adjective “sour, harsh”. De Vaan reports Schrijver's view that ⟨acerbus⟩ contains an adjective ⟨*akro-⟩ “sharp”, beside ācer (“sharp”); he derives ⟨ācer⟩…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀκρόαμα (akróama, “something heard”), from ἀκροᾶσθαι (akroâsthai, “to listen”).

It is from Latin agō (“to do, drive; to plead”) + -itō, a frequentative. Gellius notes that its first syllable is long, because it comes from ⟨āctus⟩.

It is from Latin āctus, its neuter, ⟨āctus⟩ being the perfect passive participle of agō (“to do, drive”), used as a noun: “a thing done”. De Vaan traces ⟨agō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- and…

It is from Latin ad- + aequō (“to make equal, level”). aequō comes from aequus (“level, equal”), which de Vaan reconstructs as *aikwos but for which he finds no convincing etymology. It survives in…

It is from Latin ad- + amō (“to love”), with ⟨ad-⟩ in an intensive sense. De Vaan traces amō to Proto-Italic *ama- (“to take, hold”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₃mh₃- (“to take hold of”), and explains…

It is from Latin ad- + discō (“to learn”). De Vaan reconstructs the present of discō as Proto-Italic *dikske/o- from Proto-Indo-European *di-dḱ-sḱ-e/o-, a reduplicated form with an iterative suffix…

It is from Latin ad- + dubitō (“to doubt”). The base verb is derived from dubius (“doubtful”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *du(i)-fwo- and Proto-Indo-European *dui-bʰh₂u-o- (“double”).

It is from Latin ad- + edō (“to eat”). De Vaan traces edō to Proto-Italic *ed- and Proto-Indo-European *h1éd- (“to eat”). Cognate with Oscan edum (“to eat”), Ancient Greek ἔδω (édō, “to eat”)…

It is formed from Latin adimō (“to take away”) + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin adhaereō + -tiō, from the verb meaning “to cling to”. The verb is ad- with haereō (“to stick”).

It is from Latin adhortor (“to encourage, urge”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin adiungō (“to join to”): the perfect passive participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of ad- (“to”) and iungō (“to join, yoke”), which de Vaan traces to the nasal…

It is from Latin admoneō (“to remind, warn”) + -tiō. The verb is from ad- and moneō (“to remind, advise”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *moneje- and Proto-Indo-European *mon-eie- (“to make think…

It is from Latin admoneō (“to remind”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension. That verb is ad- with moneō (“to remind”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *moneje- and…

It is from Latin admurmurō (“to murmur at”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from ad- and murmurō (“to murmur”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *mo/ur-mo/ur-ā- and Proto-Indo-European *mr-mr-, a…

It is from Latin ad- + nectō (“to tie, bind”). Etymonline traces nectō to Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to bind, tie”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to, towards”) + nō (“to swim”), also spelled ⟨ann-⟩. nō goes back to Proto-Italic *(s)nāje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim, float”).

It is from Latin adoptō (“to adopt”) + -tiō.

It is formed from Latin adūlor (“to fawn on, flatter”) + -tiō. The origin of the verb is uncertain: it has been compared with Lithuanian valai (“horse's tail”), as of a dog wagging its tail, but de…

The origin is uncertain. It has the form of a denominal verb, from ad- and a noun *ūlos (“tail”) that the OLD and Wiktionary compare with Sanskrit वाल (vālá-, “tail-hair”); de Vaan notes that…

It is from Latin ad- + umbrō (“to shade”), from umbra (“shade, shadow”). De Vaan connects umbra with Lithuanian ùnksna (“shade”) and reconstructs it as *unksrā-.

It is from Latin aemulor (“to rival, emulate”) + -tiō. De Vaan takes ⟨aemulor⟩ from aemulus (“rival”), a diminutive ⟨*aimelo-⟩ of a noun Proto-Italic *aimo-, Proto-Indo-European *h₂ei-mo-…

It is from Latin aequor (“level surface; the sea”) + -eus. The noun aequor is from aequus (“level, even”), probably from Proto-Italic *aikwos, for which de Vaan finds no convincing etymology.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀέριος (aérios, “of the air, misty”), from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air, mist”). The TLL treats it as formed from Latin āēr with the Greek word as model.

It is from Latin aestimō (“to value”) + -tor. De Vaan doubts the old explanation of aestimō from aes (“bronze”) and a word for cutting, and thinks it more likely connected with Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin affirmō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to strengthen, assert”.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin afflīgō (“to strike down, damage”). That verb is a compound of ad- and flīgō (“to strike”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin affluēns + -ia, from the present participle of affluō (“to flow towards; to abound”).

It is from Latin āfricus (“African”), the feminine of the adjective used as a noun with terra (“land”) understood. The adjective is formed from Āfer (“an African”), plural Āfrī, the name of a people…

It is from Latin ad- + gregō (“to gather into a flock”), and that verb is made on grex (“flock, herd”). The epitome of Festus explains it as “to lead to the flock”.

It is from Latin aggredior (“to approach, attack”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin agilis (“nimble, quick”) + -tās. The TLL suggests that Cicero, who does not use the adjective, may have coined it. De Vaan lists that adjective among the derivatives of agō (“to…

It is from Latin agitō (“to set in motion, drive about”) + -tiō. agitō is a frequentative of agō (“to drive”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ag-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-e/o- (“to…

It is from Latin albus (“white”) + -ātus, formed like ātrātus (“clothed in black”) from āter (“black”). Its base goes back to Proto-Italic *alfo- (“white”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰ-o-…

It is from Latin aliēnō (“to transfer, estrange”) + -tiō. aliēnō is formed from aliēnus (“belonging to another”), which de Vaan derives from alius (“other”), though he finds its suffix unclear; he…

It is a compound from Latin aliēnus (“foreign”) + -gena, from the root of gignō (“to beget”); the TLL compares indigena “native”. De Vaan traces the root of that verb to Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-…