Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin circulō (“to form a circle”) + -tiō, a noun of action; Wiktionary derives it from the deponent ⟨circulor⟩. The verb is made on circulus (“small ring”).

It is from Latin con- + solidō (“to make solid”). The TLL derives it from solidō or directly from the adjective solidus (“solid”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *soliþo- and…

It is the present participle from Latin cōnsonō (“to sound together; to agree”), a verb formed from con- and sonō (“to sound”). The grammatical noun is short for ⟨littera cōnsonāns⟩, “sounding-with…

It is formed from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding together”) + -ia, from the present participle of cōnsonō (“to sound together”). That verb is made of con- and sonō (“to sound”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin con- + summa (“sum, total”) + -ō. summa is from summus (“highest”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sup(a)mo- (“highest”) and Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)up-m(H)o- (“highest”)…

It is from Latin crēber (“close, frequent”) + -ē.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κυβικός (kubikós), from κύβος (kúbos, “vertebra; die, cube”). Within Latin it corresponds to cubus with the suffix -icus.

It is formed from Latin curvō (“to bend, curve”) + -ūra.

1. The word for a design or representation is formed from Latin dēfōrmō + -tiō, from the verb in its sense “to shape, outline”. The verb is formed from dē- and fōrmō (“to shape”). The OLD treats…

It is formed from Latin diagōnios + -ālis, from the Greek-derived adjective with the Latin suffix -ālis. diagōnios is from Ancient Greek διαγώνιος (diagṓnios, “from angle to angle”), made of διά…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek διάγραμμα (diágramma, “figure, outline, drawing”), from διαγράφω (diagráphō, “to mark out by lines, delineate”), a compound of διά (diá, “through, across”) and…

It is from Latin dūcō (“to lead”) + -tiō. The glossaries explain it as “from leading”.

It is from Latin duplicō (“to double”) + -tiō. duplicō is derived from duplex (“double”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπιβάτης (epibátēs, “one who mounts; marine, passenger”), from ἐπιβαίνω (epibaínō, “to go upon, mount”), formed from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) and βαίνω (baínō, “to go”)…

It is formed from Latin ērigō (“to set upright”) + -tiō. Ērigō is a compound of ex- and regō.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐσχάρα (eskhára, “hearth, sacrificial hearth”), a word whose further origin is unclear.

It is formed from Latin ex- + clārō (“to make bright”).

It is from Latin facilis (“easy”) + -ter, formed beside the usual adverb facile. Georges calls it an archaic word that later became a word of popular speech.

It is from Latin fulciō (“to prop up”) + -tūra, a noun of action. The origin of fulciō is unclear: it is often connected with Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “beam”) and Old High German balko…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “interpreter; pointer of a sundial”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Etymonline notes that the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “convolution, volute, tendril, spiral”). Beekes notes that the Greek word is formed like other nouns in -ιξ, probably from a noun that was perhaps…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn, “bounding (circle)”), the present participle of ὁρίζω (horízō, “to bound, limit”), from ὅρος (hóros, “boundary”), whose further origin is unclear…

It is from Latin hospitālis (“of a guest or host”), the neuter of the adjective used as a noun.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὑδραυλικός (hudraulikós, “of the water organ”), from ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”) and αὐλός (aulós, “pipe”). Within Latin it belongs with hydraulus, the water organ…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + decēns (“seemly, becoming”), decēns being the present participle of decet (“it is fitting”). That verb goes back to Proto-Italic *dek-ē- (“fits, is right”) and…

It is from Latin indecēns (“unbecoming”) + -ia.

1. The adverb is a comparative, from Latin īnfrā (“below”), with the form of the neuter of īnferior (“lower”). The positive is itself a contracted ablative feminine singular of īnferus (“below…

It is from Latin inter- + secō (“to cut”).

It is from Latin intersecō (“to cut through, intersect”) + -tiō, a noun of action formed on the stem of its past participle. The verb is from inter- (“between”) and secō (“to cut”), from…

It is from Latin lavō (“to wash”) + -tiō, formed on the participle stem ⟨lōt-⟩, beside ⟨laut-⟩. The verb lavō goes back to Proto-Italic *lowa- and Proto-Indo-European *(le-)louh₃- (“to wash”). The…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”), a noun from λύω (lúō, “to loosen, untie”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to loosen, divide, cut apart”).

It is from Latin marceō (“to wither, droop”) + -idus. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *mark-ē- and, if it belongs with the forms he compares, to Proto-Indo-European *mr̥k-eh₁- (“to be…

It is from Latin modulor (“to measure, regulate”) + -tiō. The verb is formed from modulus (“small measure”), which de Vaan lists from Varro on among the derivatives of modus (“measure”); Augustine…

It is formed from Latin multiplicō (“to multiply”) + -tiō, a verb from multiplex (“manifold”).

It is from Latin nāscēns (“being born”) + -ia, formed from the present participle of nāscor (“to be born”). The TLL compares crēscentia and praenōscentia, made in the same way.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀπτική (optikḗ, “optics”), the feminine of ὀπτικός (optikós, “of sight”) used as a noun, with τέχνη (tékhnē, “art”) understood. Köbler compares ὄσσε (ósse, “the two…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παράλληλος (parállēlos, “parallel”), which Etymonline traces to the phrase “beside one another”, from παρα- (para-, “beside”) and ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn, “one another”)…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “paralysis, loosening”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable, loosen”), made of παρά (pará) and λύω (lúō, “to loosen”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek περίμετρος (perímetros). The Greek word is formed from περί (perí, “around”) and μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

It is formed from Latin plumbum (“lead”) + -ārius.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πνευματικός (pneumatikós, “of wind or air”), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “wind, breath”). Köbler traces the Greek word to Proto-Indo-European *pneu- (“to breathe”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πόδιον (pódion, “little foot; base”), a diminutive of πούς (poús, “foot”), from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“foot”). The TLL records a masculine ⟨podius⟩ beside the…

It is formed from Latin praecipitō (“to throw headlong”) + -tiō. The verb comes from praeceps (“headlong”), from prae- and caput (“head”).

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin prōmineō (“to jut out, project”). The verb is formed from prō- (“forward”) and ⟨-mineō⟩ “to project”, which de Vaan, discussing ēmineō…

It is formed from Latin prōminēns + -ia, from the present participle of prōmineō (“to jut out”).

It is from Latin proximus (“nearest”) + -tās.

It is from Latin quantus (“how great, how much”) + -tās. It was made as a translation of Ancient Greek ποσότης (posótēs, “quantity”), from πόσος (pósos, “how great? how much?”), like quālitās…

It is from Latin quārtus (“fourth”), the feminine used as a noun with pars (“part”) understood. For the fourth hour of the day, hōra (“hour”) is understood.

It is from Latin recēdō (“to go back, withdraw”) + -tiō, a noun of action.

It is from Latin reficiō (“to remake, repair, refresh”) + -tiō (“action noun suffix”). The verb is a compound of re- and faciō (“to make”).

It is formed from Latin resonāns + -ia, the present participle of resonō (“to resound, echo”) with the abstract suffix.

It is from Latin respondeō (“to answer; to correspond”) + -tus, an action noun.

It is a compound from Latin retrō (“backwards”) + speciō (“to look”).

It is from Latin rīma (“crack, fissure”) + -ōsus. De Vaan finds several etymologies of that noun possible, among them a root meaning “to tear, break”, and leaves its origin unclear.

It is from Latin scālae + -āris, from the plural scālae (“ladder, steps”).

It is from Latin scamnum (“bench”) + -lum, a diminutive, and the OLD treats it as a variant of scabellum, citing the grammarian Scaurus.

It is from Latin sculpō (“to carve”) + -tūra; the OLD compares the older scalptūra.

It is from Latin spīritus (“breath, spirit”) + -ālis. The English word spiritual comes from Old French or directly from the medieval Latin word.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen, milt”). The inherited Latin word for the organ is liēn, which Wiktionary treats as its doublet. Etymonline traces the Greek word to…

It is from Latin sub- + cingō (“to gird”), though the OLD takes the present as probably a back-formation from the participle succinctus (“girded up”). De Vaan calls the origin of cingō uncertain…