haurio

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [ˈhau̯.ri.oː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaːu̯.ri.o]^[1]

Forms

hauriō (present infinitive haurīre, perfect active hausī, supine haustum); fourth conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *aus-je-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews-ye/o- (“to scoop”).^[2][1] De Vaan notes that the initial h may be secondary.^[2] Cognate with Old Norse ausa (“to scoop, bail”) and Ancient Greek αὔω (aúō, “to fetch fire”), where “to scoop” became limited to fire.^[2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Cato.^[2] Cassius Hemina tells of milk drawn from the Tiber.^[3] Köbler dates Cato 234–149 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to draw water or another liquid, to scoop up, then to shed blood, to pierce so as to drain the blood, as a sword drains a breast, and to dig or scoop up solids, such as gold from the treasures of Syria in Cicero.^[3] It also meant to drink, to drain a cup, and to drink in with the mind or senses, to take one's fill of something.^[3] Figuratively it was to draw something from a source, as Cicero draws from the springs of philosophy, and to carry off or kill.^[5]

Its compound exhauriō gave English exhaust in the 1530s.^[6]

Timeline

• 234–149 BC – Cato uses it.^[2][4]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of gold dug from the treasures of Syria.^[3][4]
• 1530s – English exhaust is recorded.^[6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To draw (water), scoop up.^[3]
2. To shed (blood); to pierce, drain of blood.^[3]
3. To dig up (solids).^[3]
4. To drink, drain.^[3]
5. To drink in (with the mind or senses).^[3]
6. (figurative) To draw (from a source).^[5]

Word family

• dehauriō
• exhauriō
• hauritorium
• haustor
• haustrum
• haustus
• perhauriō

Related words

• English exhaust

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com