haudquaquam

Forms

haudquāquam (adverb; not comparable)^[2] It is also spelled hauquāquam and written separately.^[2][1]

Etymology

It is from Latin haud (“not”) + quāquam (“in any way”), the second part being the ablative feminine of quisquam (“anyone”).^[2][3][1] De Vaan calls the origin of haud uncertain; he reports Eichner's proposal of an adjective meaning false or lacking, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *gʰou̯-i-dʰó-, which would be related to Old Irish gáu (“falsehood”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL finds it first in Ennius.^[3][5] Accius has a man of no mean birth, a line Cicero quotes.^[3]

Semantic evolution

It means by no means, not at all, and the TLL equates it with nēquāquam and neutiquam.^[3][2] It mostly denies an adjective or adverb: Sallust writes that by no means equal glory follows the writer and the doer of deeds.^[3] The TLL finds it in Terence, Accius, Lucretius, Sallust, Virgil, Curtius, Tacitus and Gellius, often in Livy; in Cicero's De oratore only in the speeches of Catulus and Scaevola.^[3] Some manuscripts spell it ⟨hautquāquam⟩.^[3]

Timeline

• 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^[3][5]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero has it three times in De oratore.^[3][5]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it often.^[3][5]

Meanings

Adverb

1. By no means, not at all, in no way.^[2][3][1]

Related words

• haud
• quisquam

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de