Proto-West Germanic words from Proto-Germanic
456 Proto-West Germanic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 6).
*raubōn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *raubōną (“to rob”), which Köbler cites as *raubōn. Gamillscheg also writes West Germanic *raubōn.
*reht
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz (“right, straight”), which Kroonen and Heidermanns cite by its stem *rehta-, and Köbler as *rehta-, *rehtaz. 2. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic…
*rīdan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną (“to ride”), which Kroonen cites as *rīdan-, Orel as *rīđanan and Köbler as *reidan, *rīdan. EWA reconstructs the Proto-Germanic present stem *rei̯đ-e/a-.
*rihtijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rihtijaną (“to straighten”), which Kroonen and Köbler cite as *rehtjan-, *rehtjan and EWA as *reχtii̯e/a-. Kroonen calls it a denominative verb to the adjective…
*rōan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rōaną (“to row”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *rōan-, Orel as *rōanan and Köbler as *rōan. Kroonen takes it for an o-grade intensive verb.
*rōþr
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą (“oar”), which Kroonen cites as *rōþra-, Orel as *rōþraz or *rōþran, and Bammesberger as *rō-þra-. It is an instrument noun derived from the verb *rōan "to…
*rūm
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *rūmaz (“roomy, spacious”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *rūma- and Orel as *rūmaz. EWA notes that Old High German, Middle High German and Middle Dutch…
*sad
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, full”), which Kroonen and Heidermanns cite by its stem *sada- and Orel as *sađaz. EWA reconstructs Proto-Germanic *sađa- and explains the t of…
*saggjan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną (“to say”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *sagjan- and Orel as *saʒjanan. The geminate comes from the gemination of most consonants by a following *j…
*sair
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sairaz (“sore, painful”), which Heidermanns cites by its stem *saira-. EWA traces the West Germanic and Norse adjectives to Proto-Germanic *sai̯ra-. 2. It is…
*saiwi
Wiktionary reconstructs *saiwi "body of water: lake, sea, ocean" for Proto-West Germanic. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz (“sea”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *saiwi- and Orel…
*saku
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sakō (“case, lawsuit”), whose Northwest Germanic nominative and genitive Ringe and Taylor give as *saku, *sakōz. Kroonen and Orel derive the Proto-Germanic noun…
*salt
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *saltaz (“salty”), which Orel cites as *saltaz, Köbler as *salta-, *saltaz, and Heidermanns as *saltu-, a u-stem because of its etymology outside Germanic…
*samnōn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), which Köbler cites as *samnōn or *samanōn and Orel as *samanōjanan. Orel derives the verb from the adverb *samanē̆ "together", and EWA…
*sap
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *safō (“sap, juice”) in Kroonen's analysis: he reconstructs a Proto-Germanic masculine n-stem *saf/ppan-, nominative *safō, genitive *sappaz, and takes the three…
*sattjan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *satjaną (“to seat, to set”), which Kroonen cites as *satjan- and Orel as *satjanan. Both take it for the causative of the verb for "to sit". The double *t is the…
*sebun
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sebun (“seven”), which Kroonen cites as *sebun-, Orel and Fulk as *seƀun, and Köbler as *sebun or *sibun. EWA traces the West Germanic forms to Proto-Germanic…
*sehs
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehs (“six”), a form on which Ringe and Taylor, Kroonen and Köbler agree, while EWA writes *seχs.
*sehwan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *sehwan- and Köbler as *sehwan. Ringe and Taylor trace Old English sēon from it through breaking to *seohan…
*seldanā
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *seldanē (“seldom”), which Orel writes *selđanē̆, while Köbler and EWA cite the adjective stem *seldana-, *selđana-. EWA derives *selđana- from *selđa- "rare"…
*sī
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sī (“she”). In Proto-West Germanic it took on the usual feminine ending *-u and became *si(j)u; the change was not complete, since sī survives in some Old High…
*sibi
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sibiz (“sieve”), which Köbler sets up as a neuter i-stem *sibi-, *sibiz, beside an a-stem *siba-, *sibam; EWA also derives the West Germanic words from…
*sīhwan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sīhwaną (“to filter, to strain”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *sīhwan-, Orel as *sīxwanan and Köbler as *seihwan, *sīhwan. Kroonen gives its original…
*sīn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“one's own”), which Kroonen cites as *sīna- and Orel as *sīnaz. EWA traces Proto-Germanic *sīna- to an older *su̯ei̯-no-, a derivative of the locative of…
*singwan
Ringe and Taylor reconstruct *singwan for Proto-West Germanic, and Wiktionary has the same form. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *singwaną (“to sing”), which Kroonen cites by its stem…
*sinkwan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinkwaną (“to sink”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *sinkwan-, Köbler as *senkwan, *sinkwan, and EWA as *senku̯-e/a-.
*sinn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinnaz (“sense, perception”), which Boutkan and Siebinga cite as *sinna-, EWA as *sen(þ)na- and Köbler as *senna-, *senþna-.
*sittjan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”), which Orel cites as *setjanan, Kroonen as *set(j)an- and Köbler as *setjan, *sitjan.^(Kroonen 2013|s.v. *set(j)an-) The geminate is due to…
*skadu
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaduz (“shadow”), the source also of Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skadus). Kroonen cites it by its stem *skadu-, Orel as *skađuz, and Köbler sets up both *skadu- and *skadwa-.
*skaiþan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaiþaną (“to separate”), beside which Orel sets up *skaiđanan and Köbler *skaidan, *skaiþan. Ringe and Taylor derive Old Saxon skēđan and Old High German…
*skāp
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skēpą (“sheep”), which Kroonen cites as *skēpa-, Orel as *skēpan and Köbler as *skēpa- or *skǣpa-. In fully stressed syllables Proto-Germanic *ē was lowered and…
*skappjan
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to make, to create”), which Kroonen cites as *skap(j)an- and Orel as *skapjanan. It is one of Ringe and Taylor's typical examples of West Germanic…
*skatt
Wiktionary reconstructs *skatt for Proto-West Germanic. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *skattaz (“coin, money”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *skatta-, and Orel as *skattaz. Ringe and…
*skaunī
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skauniz (“beautiful”), which Kroonen and Heidermanns cite by its stem *skauni-, Orel as *skauniz, and EWA as *skau̯ni(i̯a)-. Kroonen takes the Proto-Germanic…
*skaþō
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skaþô (“damage, harm”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *skaþan- and Köbler as *skaþō-, *skaþan. EWA also traces the West Germanic words to Proto-Germanic…
*skehan
Wiktionary reconstructs the verb *skehan. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *skehaną (“to move quickly; to happen”), which Kroonen cites as *skehan- and Köbler as *skehan. Ringe and Taylor…
*skeutan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną (“to shoot”), which Ringe and Taylor cite as Proto-Northwest Germanic, Kroonen as *skeutan- and Orel as *skeutanan. Ringe and Taylor reconstruct the…
*skīnan
Wiktionary reconstructs *skīnan for Proto-West Germanic. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”), which Kroonen cites as *skīnan-, Orel as *skīnanan and Köbler as *skeinan…
*skip
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skipą (“ship”), which Kroonen cites as *skipa- and Orel as *skipan. Ringe and Taylor list it among the few exceptions to the lowering of *i to *e: Old English…
*skirmi
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, hide; shelter, screen”), which Köbler cites as *skermi-, *skermiz, a masculine i-stem. EWA follows the usual connection with Indo-Iranian words…
*skrapōn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skrapōną (“to scrape, to scratch”). Köbler cites the Proto-Germanic verb as *skrapōn. Ringe and Taylor give Proto-Northwest Germanic *skrapōną "to scrape"…
*skulan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to owe”), which Kroonen cites as *skulan-. Before *u in the next syllable the root vowel stayed *u, as in Proto-Germanic *skulun "they owe, they…
*skuldi
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skuldiz (“obligation, debt, guilt”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *skuldi-, Orel as *skulđiz and Köbler as *skuldi-, *skuldiz. Ringe and Taylor call it a…
*skulu
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“troop”), as Wiktionary presumes while calling the origin uncertain. Köbler sets up the Proto-Germanic feminine *skulō "troop" on the evidence of the Old…
*skūm
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“foam”), which Köbler cites as *skūma-, *skūmaz and Orel as *skuman.
*slahan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *slahaną (“to hit, to kill”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *slahan- and Orel as *slaxanan. Ringe and Taylor derive the Proto-West Germanic infinitive *slahan…
*slaihā
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *slaihǭ (“sloe”), which Köbler cites as *slaihō-, *slaihōn and EWA as *slai̯χōn-. EWA analyses *slai̯χōn- as an extension of Proto-Germanic *slai̯-χa-, from a…
*slāpan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *slēpaną (“to sleep”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *slēpan-, Orel as *slēpanan and Köbler as *slēpan, *slǣpan. In fully stressed syllables Proto-Germanic *ē…
*sleutan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sleutaną (“to bolt, to lock”), which Kroonen cites as *sleutan- ~ *slūtan-, Orel as *sleutanan, Köbler as *sleutan and Seebold under the root SLEUT-A-.
*slot
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *slutą (“bar, bolt”), which Köbler cites as *sluta-, *slutam and Orel as *slutan. Wiktionary, Orel and Köbler derive it from the strong verb "to close"…
*smeugan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *smeuganą (“to creep, to slip through”), which Kroonen cites as *smeugan- beside *smūgan-, Orel as *smeuʒanan and Seebold as *smeug-a- beside *smūg-a-. EWA…
*sōkijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną (“to look for, to seek”), which Kroonen cites as *sōkjan- and Orel as *sōkjanan. Its root syllable is heavy, so the present stem kept the *-ij- of…
*sorgēn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgāną (“to worry, to be concerned”), which Ringe and Taylor write *surgai- ~ *surgija- (perhaps *surgā-), Orel *surʒēnan and Köbler *surgēn, *swurgēn. Orel…
*sorgu
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgō (“worry, sorrow”), which Kroonen cites as *surgō-, Orel as *surʒō and Köbler as *surgō, *swurgō. Ringe and Taylor list the word among the examples of a…
*spīwan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *spīwaną (“to spit”), which Kroonen cites as *spīwan-, Orel as *spīwanan, Köbler as *speiwan, *spīwan and EWA as *spei̯u̯-e/a-. Kroonen finds that the Germanic…
*spōan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to succeed”), which Kroonen cites as *spōan-, Köbler as *spōan, *spōwan, and EWA as *spōe/a-. Kroonen reconstructs a strong verb *spōan- and takes the…
*spraidijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną (“to spread”), which Kroonen cites as *spraidjan- ~ *spraitjan-, Orel as *spraiđjanan and Köbler as *spraidjan. Kroonen and Orel take it for the…
*sprāku
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sprēkō (“speech”), which Kroonen cites as *sprēkō- and derives from the verb *sprekan- "to speak". Bammesberger counts *sprēk-ō-, the source of Old High German…
*sprekan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *sprekaną (“to speak”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *sprekan- and Orel as *sprekanan. Köbler sets up the verb as West Germanic *sprekan in his Old English…
*stadi
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stadiz (“place”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *stadi-, Orel as *stađiz and Köbler as *stadi-, *stadiz. Through i-umlaut it became *stædi in the prehistory of…